“数量短语(NumP)”的肯定和否定的不对称问题考察
A Study on Asymmetry of Affirmation and Negation with ‘Numeral Phrase(NumP)’
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本文为了了解“数量短语(NumP)”的否定式的对称与不对称，通过句法、语义方面、短语(Phrase)观点的考察后得出了以下结论：首先，本文把数量短语(NumP)的否定形式分成为A类： “否定词短语(NegP) + 动词短语(VP) + 数量短语(NumP)”；B类：“数量短语(NumP) + 否定词短语(NegP) + 动词短语(VP)”；C类：“动词短语(VP) + 否定词短语(NegP) + 数量短语(NumP)”，然后对句法上、语义上、短语(Phrase)观点上的肯定否定不对称现象进行了考察，如下： 在句法上的分析中，否定词的位置或者说话人的习惯可引起句法结构上对“数量短语(NumP)”的肯定否定的不对称现象。数量短语(NumP)的位置能够决定句子成分不同、进入强调格式不同、使用程度不同。句法上出现倾向于B类否定式的不对称现象。 在语义上的分析中，否定词短语与数量短语之间的语序不同可能会导致语义上“数量短语”的肯定否定不对称现象。语义上A类否定式却显示不对称现象。 在生成语法观点上的分析中，A类、B类、C类否定式的生成机制给句法上数量短语(NumP)的否定结构和语义上否定程度等的不对称现象提供了更有说服力的依据。 本文考察了“数量词短语(NumP)”的肯定与否定的不对称问题，提出了若干浅显的见解，往后还会进一步地力图探索。
Abstract
This study analyzed the asymmetry of affirmation and negation with ‘Numeral Phrase(NumP)’ in the modern Chinese by syntactic, semantic, generative(Phrase Unit) approach. First, the negation construction for an affirmation was divided into three types with A type, B type, and C type. A type : “Negation Phrase(NegP) + Verb Phrase(VP) + Numeral Phrase(NumP)” B type : “Numeral Phrase(NumP) + Negation Phrase(NegP) + Verb Phrase(VP)” C type : “Verb Phrase(VP) + Negation Phrase(NegP) + Numeral Phrase(NumP)” As for conclusions analyzed, it suggests result summary in order syntactic, semantic, generative method below. Syntactic features is summarized as follows. The location of a negation phrase or the tendency which people speak the sentence with a negation phrase can make affirmation and negation of a numeral phrase be asymmetry syntactically. The difference with regard to constituents of sentence, emphasis structure, and practical use can be decided by the location of numeral phrases. B type tends to shows an asymmetry phenomenon syntactically. Semantic features is summarized as follows. The order of a negation phrase and a numeral phrase should make affirmation and negation of a numeral phrase be asymmetry semantically Generative features is summarized as follows. The generative mechanism regarding A type, B type, and C type provided the radical basis for the negation construction in syntactic method and the degree of negation in semantic method. This studied with regard to the asymmetry of affirmation and negation with ‘Numeral Phrase(NumP)’ and then suggested some superficial knowledges, however this study will try to make better progress continuously.
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