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환율의 평가절하와 소득분배: 이질적인 경제주체 모형

Devaluation and Income Distribution: Heterogeneous Agent Model

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키워드

주제분류경제학

초록

본 논문은 개도국 경제에서 환율의 정책적 인상(평가절하)에 따른 생산요소 소유자들의 실질소득 변화를 일반균형 동태적 최적화 모형을 이용하여 고찰하려 한다. 이를 위해 노동자, 교역재부문 자본가 및 비교역재부문 자본가가 각각 최적화의사결정을 수행하는 이질적 경제주체 모형을 구성한 후 평가절하 이후 실질임금및 양 부문 자본가 실질소득의 동태적 변화를 살펴본다. 더 나아가 본 모형의 결과를 대표적 경제주체를 가정한 Won(2008)의 연구결과와 비교함으로써 대표적경제주체 모형에 대한 기존의 비판이 타당한가를 검토한다. 모형의 시뮬레이션결과, 평가절하는 장기적 중립성에도 불구하고 중․단기적으로 모든 경우에 있어서 비교역재부문 자본가의 실질소득을 감소시키는 반면 교역재부문 자본가의 실질소득을 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 노동자들의 실질임금은 양 부문 요소집약도 및 수입자본재의 비중 등에 따라 증가 또는 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 도출과정의 복잡함에도 불구하고 본 모형의 결과는 정성적으로 뿐 아니라 정량적으로도 대표적 경제주체를 가정한 기존 모형의 결과와 놀라울 정도로 흡사했다. 이러한 결과는 대표적 경제주체모형의 사용을 둘러싼 논란에 대한 하나의 대답을제시하고 있다고 할 수 있다.

Abstract

This paper analyzes the impact of policy-induced exchange rate changes (devaluations) on the functional income distribution between owners of different production factors in a dynamic general equilibrium model of the small open economy that produces traded and non-traded goods. In this heterogeneous agents’ optimization model, workers are assumed to move freely between the sectors with a flexible wage rate while installed capital is sector-specific and new capital goods are constructed by combining non-traded inputs with imported machines. Various simulation results show that real return on capital in the nontradables sector always falls while that in the tradables sector invariably jumps up on impact following devaluation. Interestingly, real wage jumps up, stay unchanged or falls on impact following devaluation depending mainly on relative factor intensity of the two sectors and the share of imported machines in production of capital goods. The results of this heterogeneous agent model are strikingly similar, qualitatively and quantitatively, to those of the representative agent model analyzed in Won(2008), which may provide a rationale for using a rather simpler representative agent model.

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