결합식조침을 이용한 어류포획 방밥에 대한 초보적 검토 -신석기시대 남해안지역 패총자료를 중심으로-

Abstract

This study examines a fishing method that uses a composite fishhook, which is one of pieces of evidence left by active fishing activities in the Neolithic age. Existing studies on composite fishhooks have investigated type classification, regional setting, social exchanges, and frame-hook connections. Other studies have explored the relationship between fishing tools and fish species, suggesting the possible use of different fishing tools according to fish species. A functionally complete tool typically shows changes only in materials while maintaining its shape. For example, changes in the shape of fishery or farming tools are insignificant over time; thus rather than shape, their methods of use require further study. This study investigated the characteristics of composite fishhooks and excavated fish species from the southern coastal region of the Korean peninsula. The fish species were divided into three categories according to their environmental and ecological habitats: coastal epipelagic fish, coastal pelagic fish, and oceanic pelagic fish. The study further investigated the fishing methods used within each environment. The fishing method for coastal epipelagic fish is used for yellow tail, tuna, sardine, mackerel, and Spanish mackerel, all of which inhabit the surface and middle layers. The fishing method allows fishhooks, with shafts that were likely made of shell or bone, to flow along the water to catch epipelagic fish . The fishing method for costal pelagic fish is used for species of perch, such as black seabream, banded houndshark, yelloweye rockfish, rockfish, and longtooth grouper that inhabit the reef area around the seashore rocks. The methods include fishing with a wooden rod with composite fishhooks, fixed fishing rods with a wood-wound hand lines, or a heavy stone with no rod. The fishing method for oceanic pelagic fish is used for the species such as red seabream, spiny dogfish, and cod that inhabit the reef area around the continental shelf, 100m to 200m deep, and the deep sea. The method was likely that of line fishing from a boat, catching fish by using lines attached to heavy stones. This study on the Neolithic fishing methods is a rudimentary examination; it is difficult to find evidence of this method due to its prehistoric nature. However, the study is meaningful for presenting, to a certain extent, the fishing methods of the Neolithic age. One method, among others, that we wish to further investigate requires acquiring ethnographic data and data from experimental archeology in order to restore the fishing methods of the Neolithic age.