제1차 세계대전 시기 제정 러시아의 전시정책과 연해주 한인사회의 대응

Abstract

This study aimed to examine the response of the Korean community in Primorsky to the wartime policies of the Russian Empire during the First World War. Russia’s wartime foreign policy was the Russo-Japanese alliance, as part of which its wartime internal policy consisted in a policy of oppression against Koreans. For the Russian authorities, the policy of oppression against Koreans was a means of confirming the Russo-Japanese alliance. There was a difference of opinion between the central government and the Priamurian authorities that controlled the Primorsky. The Russian central government actively accepted Japan’s demands and forced local governments to expel Korean independence activists. However, the Priamurian authorities deemed Japan’s growing influence in East Asia a security threat, did not enforce the deportation of Korean independence activists in preparation for future conflicts with Japan, and used them as their source of information. Meanwhile, to organize anti-Japanese military operations, independence activists, led by Lee Jong-ho, moved to Manchuria to establish the “Patriotic Savings Group” and “Najagu Military Academy” in the Sino-Russian border area. Korean immigrants who had influence in Primorsky established the “Korean Department of the Priamur Committee for assistance to the injured, disabled, and sick soldiers and their families”, a Russian wartime system support group, to improve the rights and interests of the Korean community. The response of the Korean community in Primorsky Krai during World WarⅠ was significant in that it developed the discussion for cooperation that existed between the Korean community in Primorsky and Manchuria before the outbreak of the war, thus creating a cornerstone for the independence army in the Sino-Russia border area. This war made the Koreans in Primorsky and Manchuria directly witness the change in the situation caused by the clash of the global imperialist order and realize the difficulty of achieving the independence of Korea under the alliance of imperialist countries.