19세기말 영국 사회의 변화와 종교 ― 평론지 종교논설 분석 ―
Social Changes and Religion in Late Nineteenth-Century England
0
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Nowadays the decline of Christianity is distinguished in England. The attendants of religious ceremonies are decreasing at both Protestant churches and Catholic cathedrals. The purpose of this paper is to ascertain some changes of religious life and behavior through the debates and discourses on religious crisis in the late nineteenth century. The Nineteenth Century, one of the most representative reviews at that time, used to focus on some problems about religion and belief. Among the articles on religious problems contributed to the review in the 1880s and 90s, we can find two interesting debates, of which one placed the focus on the effect of the Education Act of 1870 to religion, the other was related to the religious attitude of students at Oxford and Cambridge. The debate of the Education Act stemmed from Cardinal Manning's article which pointed out the crisis of voluntary education after the enforcement of the act. And the debate on students' religious attitudes originated from a young student's article that complained the students' hypo-critical attitude and professors' agnosticism in Oxford and Cambridge. I would like to examine intellectuals' cynicism and agnosticism inherent at the bottom of this debate. What do these debates let us know? It is true that the theory of evolution and other scientific knowledge fostered religious agnosticism among young persons and intellectuals in the late nineteenth century. And after the enforcement of the Education Act, there were some conflicts between the conformists and the non-conformists, and within Anglican Church. These conflicts and secularization of the elementary education affected religious mentalities in England. In short, the trend of secularization has continued to been long-termed in England, but at the same time, there was a discontinuity of the religious thought and behavior in the late nineteenth century.
Abstract
Nowadays the decline of Christianity is distinguished in England. The attendants of religious ceremonies are decreasing at both Protestant churches and Catholic cathedrals. The purpose of this paper is to ascertain some changes of religious life and behavior through the debates and discourses on religious crisis in the late nineteenth century. The Nineteenth Century, one of the most representative reviews at that time, used to focus on some problems about religion and belief. Among the articles on religious problems contributed to the review in the 1880s and 90s, we can find two interesting debates, of which one placed the focus on the effect of the Education Act of 1870 to religion, the other was related to the religious attitude of students at Oxford and Cambridge. The debate of the Education Act stemmed from Cardinal Manning's article which pointed out the crisis of voluntary education after the enforcement of the act. And the debate on students' religious attitudes originated from a young student's article that complained the students' hypo-critical attitude and professors' agnosticism in Oxford and Cambridge. I would like to examine intellectuals' cynicism and agnosticism inherent at the bottom of this debate. What do these debates let us know? It is true that the theory of evolution and other scientific knowledge fostered religious agnosticism among young persons and intellectuals in the late nineteenth century. And after the enforcement of the Education Act, there were some conflicts between the conformists and the non-conformists, and within Anglican Church. These conflicts and secularization of the elementary education affected religious mentalities in England. In short, the trend of secularization has continued to been long-termed in England, but at the same time, there was a discontinuity of the religious thought and behavior in the late nineteenth century.
참고문헌 (33)
- Brooke, John H., "Science and Religion: Some Historical Perspective" (1991), Cambridge University Press
- Courtenay, John B., "Mr Gladstone and ‘Genesis’", Westminster Review, 125 (1886)
- Deane, Anthony C., "The Religion of the Undergraduate, I", Nineteenth Century, 38 (1895)
- Deane, Anthony C., "The Religion of the Undergraduate, II", Nineteenth Century, 38 (1895)
- Drummond, Henry, "Mr Gladstone and Genesis II", Nineteenth Century, 19 (1886)
- Durant, John, "Darwinism and Divinity: a Century of Debate In Darwinism and Divinity: Essays on Evolution and Religious Belief" (1985), Oxford University Press
- Fellows, Reginald B., "The Religion of the Undergraduate (No I): reply from Cambridge", Nineteenth Century, 38 (1895)
- Flürscheim, Michael, "Professor Huxley's Attacks", Nineteenth Century, 27 (1890)
- Gladstone, W. E., "Dawn of Creation and of Worship: a Reply to Dr Réville", Nineteenth Century, 18 (1885)
- Gregory, Frederick, "Intersections of Physical Science and Western Religion in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Century In Cambridge History of Science Vol. 5: Modern Physical and Mathematical Science" (2006), Cambridge University Press
- Gregory, Robert, "Religion and the Rates", Nineteenth Century, 13 (1883)
- Hubbard, J. G., "A Census of Religion", Nineteenth Century, 9 (1881)
- Huxley, T. H., "The Interpreters of Genesis and the Interpreters of Nature", Nineteenth Century, 18 (1885)
- Huxley, T. H., "Mr Gladstone and Genesis I", Nineteenth Century, 19 (1886)
- Huxley, T. H., "Science and the Bishops", Nineteenth Century, 22 (1887)
- Knight, Frances, "From Diversity to Sectarianism: The Definition of Anglican Identity in Nineteenth-Century England", Studies in Church History, 32 (1996)
- Lang, Andrew, "Myths and Mythologists", Nineteenth Century, 19 (1886)
- Legge, Heneage, "The Religion of the Undergraduate (No II): Reply from Oxford", Nineteenth Century, 38 (1895)
- Lilly, W. S., "In Search of a Religion", Nineteenth Century, 26 (1889)
- Maitland, Brownlow, "The New Religion of Nature", Quarterly Review, 154 (1882)
- Manning, Henry E., "Religion and the Rates", Nineteenth Century, 12 (1882)
- Manning, Henry E., "Is the Christianity of England Worth Preserving?", Nineteenth Century, 13 (1883)
- Myers, Greg, "Nineteenth-Century Popularizations of Thermodynamics and the Hetoric of Social Prophecy", Victorian Studies, 29 (1985)
- "Christian Thought tested by Modern Ideas", Westminster Review, 126 (1886)
- "The Development of Religion", Westminster Review, 116 (1881)
- Ramsey, Laon, "The Future Development of Religious Life, I", Westminster Review, 131 (1889)
- Ramsey, Laon, "The Future Development of Religious Life, II", Westminster Review, 131 (1889)
- Spencer, Herbert, "Religion: a Retrospect an Prospect", Nineteenth Century, 15 (1884)
- Spencer, Herbert, "Last Words about Agnosticism and the Religion of Humanity", Nineteenth Century, 16 (1884)
- Spencer, Herbert, "Retrogressive Religion", Nineteenth Century, 16 (1884)
- Wace, Henry, "The Latest Attack on Christianity", Quarterly Review, 165 (1887)
- 이영석, "산업혁명과 노동정책" (1994), 한울
- 이영석, "빅토리아 시대의 교육 문제 - 시험에 관한 담론 -", 서양사론, (74), pp.89~115 (2002), 한국서양사학회