有關≪廣雅疏證≫中音轉的考察 — 以韻母為中心

Abstract

This paper delves into the rhyme category relationship of Yinzhuan(音轉) characters with related meanings in Old Chinese phonology, as evidenced in the Guangya Shuzheng(廣雅疏證). By collecting 190 sets of such characters from the text and conducting a comparative analysis based on Wang Li’s (1982) and Zheng Zhang Shangfang’s (2013) Old Chinese rhyme systems, we re-establish the standards for rhyme category classification. The phonological relationships between these characters are categorized into four types: Dieyun(疊韻), Duizhuan(對轉), Pangzhuan(旁轉), and Pangduizhuan(旁對轉). Further analysis is conducted on the rhyme category relationships among each set of Yinzhuan(音轉) characters based on Zheng Zhang Shangfang(2013)’s Old Chinese rhyme system. According to the statistics in this paper, among the 190 sets of phonological changes examined and verified, there are 81 sets of Yinzhuan(音轉) characters with the same final consonant, accounting for 42.6% of the total phonological changes in the Guangya Shuzheng(廣雅疏證). Among them, the number of characters ending in glottals (39 sets) is the largest, followed by those ending in dentals (30 sets) and labials (12 sets). In the internal alternations of phonological changes between rhymes ending in glottals, dentals, and labials, excluding identical rhymes, Pangduizhuan(旁對轉) are the most frequent (28 sets), followed by Duizhuan(對轉, 20 sets)and Pangzhuan(旁轉, 19 sets). This study finds that Duizhuan(對轉) primarily occur due to the shared phonological components between rhymes. Notably, vowel rhymes with a glottal feature often undergo phonological changes with rhymes ending in glottal stops and nasals. Pangzhuan(旁轉) are more likely to occur when the primary vowels are neighboring vowels. However, for Duizhuan(對轉) involving non-neighboring vowels, the changes can be attributed to the vowel chain shift process, where the primary vowels of some rhymes undergo changes due to the influence of medials, initials, and finals, resulting in neighboring primary vowels with their corresponding phonological changes. Pangduizhuan(旁對轉), on the other hand, occur due to the combined effects of finals and primary vowels. Therefore, this paper argues that the Yinzhuan (音轉) character groups in Guangya Shuzheng(廣雅疏證) can be considered etymologically related if they share semantic connections, have initials with common phonological components, and exhibit either close relationships between their rhymes or neighboring primary vowels formed during phonological evolution.