브레히트와 영국 문화 - 베를린 앙상블의 런던 공연부터 1960년대 BBC 드라마까지
Brecht and British culture - From Berliner Ensemble’s performance in London to BBC-dramas in the 1960s
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주로 노동자 극단을 중심으로 산발적으로 공연되던 브레히트의 연극은 1956년 베를린 앙상블의 공연 이후 영국에서 본격적으로 수용된다. 1956년부터 1960년대 중반은 영국 예술계의 변혁의 시기이기도 했다. 문학과 연극에서 시작된 새로운 문화적 흐름인 앵그리 영 멘과 키친 싱크 드라마로 대표되는 젊은 예술인들은 브레히트의 연극을 잘 알고 있었다. 브레히트의 영향은 무엇보다 1960년대 텔레비전 드라마 부문에서 두드러지게 나타났다. 생소화 효과를 사용한 혁신적인 드라마는 1960년대 중반부터 BBC의 <수요 극장>을 중심으로 다수 제작되어서 당대 많은 시청자의 관심을 끌었다. 당시 텔레비전계에서 활동한 젊은 제작자와 감독들은 대부분 연극계 출신이었으며, 이들은 비자연주의라는 이름으로 알려진 브레히트적 형식 실험을 텔레비전 드라마에 도입했다. 전체적으로 봤을 때 정치적 연극으로서의 브레히트 드라마가 수용되기까지는 좀 더 시간이 필요했지만, 1950년대와 1960년대를 거치면서 브레히트 서사극 기법은 영국의 예술인들에게 친숙했으며, 젊은 예술가들이 추구하던 새로운 미학을 실천하는 강력한 도구로 인식되고 사용되었음을 알 수 있다.
Abstract
As a political writer, Brecht had a full-fledged influence in England after 1968, but after a first performance by the Berliner Ensemble in 1956, Brecht established himself as an important playwright also in England. The period from 1956 to the mid-1960s, when Brecht was first accepted in earnest, was also a period of great change in the field of British performing arts. Brecht’s influence was prominent in theater, especially in television dramas, as it coincided with the changes in British culture at the time. New Wave artists represented by “angry young men” and “kitchen sink drama” were well aware of Brecht’s plays. However, Brecht’s influence in Great Britain was most prominent in the television drama sector of the 1960s. Since the mid-1960s, a number of innovative dramas using the “Verfremdungseffekt” were produced centered on the BBC’s <The Wednesday Play>, which drew the attention of many viewers at the time. Most of the young producers and directors working in television at the time came from theatre, and they introduced Brechtian experimentation into television dramas known as non-naturalism. Overall, it took some time for the Brecht drama to be accepted as a political play, but through the 1950s and 1960s, the techniques of the Brecht epic drama became familiar to British artists, and it was a powerful tool to practice the new art they were pursuing. recognized and used.
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