Synergistic effects and optimization of surface-modified borassus and madar fibers in hybrid epoxy compositeswith lotus seed powder filler
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The aim of this work is to enhance the mechanical properties of hybrid epoxy composites reinforced with Borassus fruitfibers (BFF) and Madar fibers (MF), fabricated by conventional hand layup technique. Composite formulations were createdby adjusting fiber reinforcement levels (0–12 wt%) and integrating lotus seed shell powder (LSSP) as a filler (2–4 wt%),while adding benzoyl chloride surface treatment (BT) (0–6 wt%) enhanced the fiber–matrix interfacial bonding. This studyexamines the FTIR spectra of MF, BFF, and LSP subjected to 0%, 3%, and 6% BT. A comprehensive multi-criteria decisionmaking(MCDM) technique was utilized to determine the optimal composite structure, incorporating the CRITIC approachfor objective weighting of mechanical performance characteristics with two sophisticated ranking algorithms — CODASand MARCOS. The optimization results showed that, the composite consists of 12 wt% BFF, 12 wt% MF, 3 wt% BT, and2 wt% LSSP, exhibited improved mechanical properties. Specifically, the composite achieved a tensile strength (TS) of 38.6MPa, a flexural strength (FS) of 63.25 MPa, and an impact strength (IS) of 69.63 J/m. The enhanced fiber-matrix bondingresulting from surface modification and the synergistic effects of hybridization are the reasons for the improved performance. In addition, a sensitivity analysis was performed by altering the weights of the testing composite to determine their impact onthe overall ranking. The hybrid optimization and experimentation indicate that ninth composites have superior mechanicalproperties relative to other fabricated composites.
Abstract
The aim of this work is to enhance the mechanical properties of hybrid epoxy composites reinforced with Borassus fruitfibers (BFF) and Madar fibers (MF), fabricated by conventional hand layup technique. Composite formulations were createdby adjusting fiber reinforcement levels (0–12 wt%) and integrating lotus seed shell powder (LSSP) as a filler (2–4 wt%),while adding benzoyl chloride surface treatment (BT) (0–6 wt%) enhanced the fiber–matrix interfacial bonding. This studyexamines the FTIR spectra of MF, BFF, and LSP subjected to 0%, 3%, and 6% BT. A comprehensive multi-criteria decisionmaking(MCDM) technique was utilized to determine the optimal composite structure, incorporating the CRITIC approachfor objective weighting of mechanical performance characteristics with two sophisticated ranking algorithms — CODASand MARCOS. The optimization results showed that, the composite consists of 12 wt% BFF, 12 wt% MF, 3 wt% BT, and2 wt% LSSP, exhibited improved mechanical properties. Specifically, the composite achieved a tensile strength (TS) of 38.6MPa, a flexural strength (FS) of 63.25 MPa, and an impact strength (IS) of 69.63 J/m. The enhanced fiber-matrix bondingresulting from surface modification and the synergistic effects of hybridization are the reasons for the improved performance. In addition, a sensitivity analysis was performed by altering the weights of the testing composite to determine their impact onthe overall ranking. The hybrid optimization and experimentation indicate that ninth composites have superior mechanicalproperties relative to other fabricated composites.