파산절차에서 지급불능과 지급정지 개념에 관한 검토

Abstract

This article examined how efforts have been made to clarify the legal concept by reviewing the formation of the concept of insolvency and suspension of payment as the grounds for bankruptcy. How to build the concept of grounds for bankruptcy will be regarded as the basis for the relationship between legal bankruptcy procedures and bankruptcy practice. Bankruptcy proceedings are strictly judicial proceedings, and judges as legal experts are authorized to make judgments that affect a wide range of stakeholders. Legal efforts to clarify the concept of the grounds for bankruptcy and to specify the criteria for judgment continue to this day. I think these efforts contribute invisible to the efficient handling of bankruptcy cases considering changes in economic conditions. In this regard, future tasks are as follows. First, it is necessary to clearly define the concept of insolvency and suspension of payment and its criteria for judgment. As in German and Japanese legislation, it is necessary to lower the ambiguity and increase the predictability of applicants without compromising the original function of initiating timely bankruptcy procedures expected by the law's presumptive provision of insolvency. For example, as in German precedents, it would be one way to present objective and specific indicators to gauge the concept of evaluation of rationality and significance. Second, it is necessary to clarify the suspension of payment as an objective state of insolvency as a requirement for the avoidance power and the prohibition of setoff. The provision of suspension of payment at the time of crisis is to expand the scope of avoidance as a biased act and retroactively extend the scope of the ban on setoff to the point of occurrence of the crisis. The purpose of this is that even before the declaration of bankruptcy, the principle of creditor equality should be applied to the actual crisis period of suspension of payment as after the declaration of bankruptcy. Considering the function of adjusting the interests of creditors, it seems desirable that the actual crisis period is based on the debtor's objective property status. The interpretation of the current law can also be applied by analogy to cases where bankruptcy creditors bear debts knowing that they are unable to pay, so I think it will help increase legal clarity and predictability by stipulating this.