인도정치의 탈세속화와 무슬림의 딜레마

Abstract

The post-secularization is notable trend of Indian socio-politics from 1990s. This phenomenon has accelerated by the mass of people’s attitude going back to religion, political partys’ efforts to gain votes from hindu majority and the activities of communal and caste political parties. Over the last two decades hindu nationalism, characterized by an aggressive, communal, and authoritarian streak, has etched an influential place for itself in Indian politics. Venomous campaigns against minorities, especially muslims, and an equally vituperative propaganda against secular plural values have marked this forward march of hindu nationalism. Along with hindu nationalism, the economic situations of muslims were very serious. What angered muslims most was the systematic neglect of their material interests and the steady decline of economic opportunities. Furthermore, The 2002 Gujarat violence describes Godhra Train Massacre and resulting communal riots between Hindus and Muslims. The resulting riots and massacres killed 790 Muslims and additional 254 Hindus. 223 people were reported missing and 2548 sustained injuries. 523 places of worship damaged, 298 were dargahs, 205 mosques, 17 temples and 3 churches. Muslim-owned businesses suffered bulk of damage. 61,000 Muslims and 10,000 Hindus fled their homes. Organizations such as Human Rights Watch criticized the Indian government for failure to address the resulting humanitarian condition of people, “overwhelming majority of them Muslim,” who fled their homes for relief camps in the aftermath of the events, as well as the Gujarat state administration for engaging in a cover-up of the state’s role in the massacres. The riots had showed that muslims in India are not safe anymore. Economic unjustice and the trauma of 2002’s outcomes are obedience or resistance. The former means muslims understanding ‘their real safety lies in the goodwill of the hindu majority’, namely becoming a member of OBC(Other Backward Class) and the later means the struggling to hindu as mujahidin. But none of these choices are fit in Islamic doctrine. This contradiction drive muslims to dilemma.