琉球舞踊におけるオーラル․ヒストリー․ アーカイブの構築 －伝承方法の特性と変容－

Abstract

In the world of art, a learner accepts the movements of a master as “good things” to be followed. It appears to be a simple act of imitation at first glance; however cognitive activities of self-examination exist within the learner, sincerely questioning whether or not her own movements are good. To promote these activities, the “instructive words” by the master play an important role. Based on the results of the “Project to Establish Oral History Archives of Ryukyuan Dancing” addressed by the author in recent years, “instructive words” upon carrying on the arts related to the island culture and ocean culture were particularly focused on in this study. To clarify the characteristics of “instructive words,” language data instructed by the informant to the apprentice was collected and classified by participating in lessons for owners of nationally-designated intangible cultural property (comprehensive certification) (from 1991). An interview was also conducted in regards to which language was used when the Master gave lessons to the informant (from 2007). The following was clarified as a result. 1. As a native of Okinawan language, the informant naturally interpreted and learned the “craft language” from the Master, a figurative language compared to nature “wave” in Okinawa or physical techniques when she learned the repetitive movements of upper limbs and the rhythmic sense of “Zo-Odori”(populardancing). 2. The Informant avoided the use of “craft language” she received, and used “scientific and explanatory language” when she taught her apprentice. 3. The premise to use “craft language” relates to the existence of a shared culture, and the method of handing down to the next generation flexibly transforms depending on the cultural background and degree of proficiency between master and apprentice. As a result of rapid Japanization of living, people who fluently speak the Okinawan language decreased, and the traditional lifestyle closely related to nature is also declining. It is an urgent task to record how people who lived in the prewar era understood the essential quality of the “Zo-Odori” symbolizing the island culture and ocean culture and handed it over to the next generation.