일본 오키나와와 한국 제주도 巫舞 비교 연구

Abstract

From an ethnological point of view, Okinawa and Jeju share many similarities that are rooted in common geographical and historical characteristics. First, both countries are relatively isolated from the Asiatic mainland: Korea as a mountainous peninsula and Japan as a group of islands lying to the east of the mainland. Secondly, in the case of both countries, their traditional shamanistic religions were deeply interwoven with the cultural life and festivities of their rural villages. In this paper, the shaman-dance and its musical structure in Okinawa, Japan, which has a clear relationship with traditional dance in Korea, will be discussed and analyzed in detail in order to clarify further the relationship between the folk dances of the two countries. In particular, the traditional dances Chil-Mu-Ri-Dang and Young-Deung-Good, from Jeju Island, which has the closest relationship with the southern part of Japan, have been historically and artistically well-preserved in comparison with traditional dances in other parts of Korea. The historical relationship between Jeju Island and Okinawa continues to the present day through the event known as the 'Meeting of Jeju and Okinawa,' which mainly focuses on the mutual exchange of each island's traditional performing arts. In conclusion, in both places, the similarities of musical structure (in terms of rhythms, tones, lyrical content and instruments) and of the form of the shaman-dances are identifiable. Despite the regional similarities, however, there are some important differences. On Jeju Island, for example, female-divers (haenyeo) joined the group shaman-dance; whereas in Okinawa, the Nhoro (female chief priest)supervised the shaman-dance while the Shimbang (male great chief priest) supervised entire ancestral rites. In addition, the partial differences between these two islands' respective shaman-dances, such as the process of the shaman-dance, ritual utensils, and accessories, can be recognized.