베다 만뜨라와 제례의 관계성에 관한 소고
A study on the relation between Vedic mantras and Ritual
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초록
이 논문은 제식과 만뜨라가 결합됨으로써 제사의 목적을 성취하는데 효용성이 있음을 밝히는 것이다. 정교한 제식과정에서 암송되거나 찬양되는 베다 만뜨라들은 제식의 분위기를 고취시키는데 기여한다. 사제들은 이를 활용하여 제주가 원하는 목적을 달성할 수 있도록 청중들의 집중과 호응을 인도한다. 제식에서 만뜨라를 조화롭게 연결시키고 규칙에 따라 인도하는 사제의 능력은 제사의 성공적인 목적달성과 직접 관련된다. 이 논문에서는 만뜨라의 제식 언어적 특성과 제식 행위와 결합된 만뜨라의 규칙을 살펴본다. 만뜨라가 우세규칙 또는 일 대 일 대응 원리 등 제식의 규칙들과 결합되면 만뜨라의 어휘들은 특별한 개념을 나타낸다. 그러므로 제례 규칙과 결합되고 그 과정에 적용된 만뜨라의 의미를 파악하기 위해서는 제식 문헌을 바탕으로 실행되는 베다제식에 대한 이해가 우선적이다. 제식 문헌들은 만뜨라와 제식의 밀접한 관계성을 밝혀주는 자료이다. 하지만 이에 따른 제사의 성공적인 결과에 대해서는 제식에 적용된 만뜨라에 의한 것이라는 주장과 제식 절차의 정교함으로 인한 것이라는 두 가지 견해가 대두된다. 이 견해들은 만뜨라와 제식의 효용성에 대한 우선순위가 문제가 아니라 제사의 목적에 부합되는 만뜨라가 제식과정에 결합됨으로써 그 의미가 규명된다는 것으로 이해할 수 있다.
Abstract
This thesis, focusing on the correlation between vedic mantras and ritual, aims to define that the union of the mantras and ritual have the efficiency for accomplishing the purpose of the rituals. In the procedure of the ritual, vedic mantras which is the action of reciting or chanting to play a role in inspiring the atmosphere of the ritual and to lead the respond of the priest and the audience. To understand the meaning of the mantras applied for rituals, we should understand the vedic rituals that are basis on ritual literature. Therefore, the priest’s ability to connect the ritual and mantras harmoniously and leads the rituals according to the rules is directly related to accomplishment of the purpose of the ritual. Thus, this thesis studies the role of mantras as ritual language and the rules that apply to rituals. The vedic mantras can capture enchanted attributes which have some special concept of vocabulary when they are merged with the performance of the rituals. The meaning of mantra words can be proved by the way of rituals. This relation applies directly and has an effect on the purpose of the ritual through the meta rules and one-on-one correspondence. This thesis is searching for the various views of scholars debating whether the result obtained by performing the ritual is an effect guided by mantras or if the result is gained by the concentration of the priest and audiences. To determine this, it is necessary to study the ritual literature to explain the exact meanings and effects of the mantras applied to the rituals.
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