'그려진 만다라'의 완성에 대한 고찰: 비(非) 칼라차크라 만다라와 칼라차크라 만다라

Abstract

This paper examines the similarities and dissimilarities between the Kālacakramaṇḍala and other Buddhist maṇḍalas in the core ritual, where the maṇḍala is made to be a sacred space. Kālacakramaṇḍala, one of the most creative and complicated Buddhist maṇḍalas, became more famous thanks to the present 14th Dalai Lama. He has been responsible for the Kālacakra initiations held all over the world several times in the past decades. The unique symbolism of the Kālacakramaṇḍala is said to be quite different from the conventional symbolism of other Buddhist maṇḍalas. Thus, from the maṇḍala symbolic point of view, the entire Buddhist maṇḍalas are divided into non-Kālacakramaṇḍala and Kālacakramaṇḍala. The Kālacakra tradition, however, follows the convention of later Tantric Buddhism called Vajrayāna (the Diamond Vehicle) concerning maṇḍala rituals. Thus, as in other traditions of Tantric Buddhism, maṇḍala rituals of Kālacakra consist of three parts: the maṇḍala construction, the consecration ceremony, the installation ceremony. Among these parts, the maṇḍala construction consists of a series of rituals that focus on drawing a maṇḍala for the subsequent consecration ceremony. And, among these rituals, the ritual of drawing the outlines of the maṇḍala, the ritual of scattering colored powders, the ritual of the installation of the maṇḍala are known as the three principal rituals of the maṇḍala construction. Particularly, the ritual of the installation of the maṇḍala, the ritual of the empowerment on the maṇḍala already drawn, is probably the most important, because any maṇḍala cannot be a sacred space without this ritual. Therefore, this paper briefly explores the similarities and dissimilarities between non-Kālacakramaṇḍala and Kālacakramaṇḍala in the ritual of the installation of the maṇḍala, the key ritual of maṇḍala rituals.