고전 산스끄리뜨의 아리야(Āryā) 운율 ― 라뜨나까라샨띠(Ratnākaraśānti)의 『찬도라뜨나까라』(Chandoratnākara)를 중심으로

Abstract

The āryā is one of the representative metres of jāti (also called mātrāchandas). Jāti, unlike vṛttachandas, is not a poem composed of syllables and gaṇa, but a poem determined by the number of mātrā and gaṇa. Āryā is a non-vedic meter originating from the old-gīti and veḍha used in the Jain Prakrit, Pāli, Hybrid-Buddhist Sanskrit. There are nine forms in āryā, and there is also a difference in the total number of mārtās. For convenience, the āryā can be classified into Āryā-group and Gīti-group. I. Āryā-group 1. The General Rules for Āryā-pathyā i. gaṇas that can be used in āryā are as follows. ii. ∪―∪ can not be used for odd gaṇa(Ist., IIIrd., Vth., VIIth. gaṇas). iii. The sixth gaṇa of the pādaa-b should be ∪―∪ or ∪æ∪∪∪. iv. The sixth gaṇa of the pādac-d is ∪. v. The eighth gaṇa of the pādaa-b and pādac-d should be ― or ∪∪ vi. Pathyā of āryā has a ceasura(æ) after the IIIrd gaṇa, otherwise the āryā is called vipulā. 2. Capalās The capalās are determined in the form that ∪―∪(jagaṇa) is used in the IInd, VIth gaṇa. The ∪―∪(jagaṇa) used in the IInd, VIth gaṇa of the first half-verse(pādaa-b) is called mukhacapalā and the one which was used in the sixth gaṇa of the second half-verses (pāda c-d) is called jaghanacapalā, and the ∪―∪ (jagaṇa) used for both the first half-verses and second half-verses is called mahācapalā or ubhyacalalā. II. Gīti group 1. Gīti Gīti is the form in which the VIth gaṇa of the first half-verse (pāda a-b) and the VIth gaṇa of the second half-verse (pāda c-d) are both ∪―∪ or ∪æ∪∪∪. Therefore, the mātrā number of gīti is 12, 18, 12, 18, and 60m ātrās in total. 2. Upagīti Upagīti is the form in which the VIth gaṇa in the first half (pāda a-b) and the second halfverse(pāda c-d) are both ∪. Therefore, the mātrā number of upagīti is 12, 15, 12, 15, and 54 mātrās in total. 3. Udgīti Udgīti is a form in which the VIth gaṇa of the first half verse (pāda a-b) is ∪ and the sixth gaṇa of the second half (pāda c-d) is ∪―∪ or ∪æ∪∪∪. Therefore, the mātrā number of udgīti is 12, 15, 12, 18, and 57m ātrās in total. 4. Āryāgīti Āryāgīti is the form in which ∪―∪ or ∪æ∪∪∪ are used in the VIth gaṇa of the first half-verse (pāda a-b) as well as the second half-verse (pāda c-d), and the VIIIth gaṇa has ―― or ∪∪―. Therefore, the mātrā number of āryāgīti is 12, 20, 12, 20, and 64 mātrās in total.