고전 산스끄리뜨의 바이딸리야(Vaitālīya) 운율 군(群) 연구 (Ⅰ)__바이딸리야와 아우빠찬다시까(Aupacchandasika)를 중심으로__

Abstract

Vaitālīya is a metre belonging to the jāti(also known as mātrāchandas). Like the Āryā metre, the term vaitālīya means not only one independent metre, but also a term encompassing nine metres such as Aupacchandasika, Āpātalikā, Dakṣiṇāntikā, Prācyavṛtti, Udīcyavṛtti, Pravṛttaka, Cāruhāsinī, Aparāntika. The structure of these nine metres are fixed in the second-half of the four pādas such as ‘⏤∪⏤∪⏤’ or ‘⏤∪⏤∪⏤⏤’, but the structure of the first-half is not fixed. Therefore, the structure of these metres are not fixed form, but the structure of each metre are very diverse. According to my analysis, there are 12,544 types of Vaitālīya. The Vatalīya metres were defined in almost Sanskrit chandas-literatures, including Chandaḥśāstra and they are frequently used in classical Sanskrit literature, but have not been studied carefully. This article focuses mainly on Chandomañjarī and Vṛttaratnākara with Vivṛti-s. Among nine metres, the standard metre is Vaitālīya and of the nine metres the most frequently used are Vaitālīya and Aupacchandasika. 1. Of the two metres, the rules of vaitālīya are summarized as follows: ① The first half of the odd Pādas is consist of 6 mātrā-s(1~6th mātrā-s), and the first half of the even pāda-s is 8 mātrā-s (1~8th mātrā-s). ② ‘8 short syllables’(∪∪∪∪∪∪∪∪) cannot be used in the first half(1~8th) of even pāda-s. ③ In the first half of the odd pāda(1~6th mātrā-s) and the even pāda(1~8th mātrā-s), a guru(⏤: long) cannot be used for 2-3rd, 4-5th and 6-7th mātrās. ④ Both the second half of the odd and the even pāda ends with ‘⏤∪⏤∪⏤’(Ra, L, G). Based on the above rule, the formats available for odd and even pāda-s are as follows. (cf. table of pp.181-182) Vitalia is not a fixed poem, but a combination of the above charts Ⓥ and Ⓢ, all 12,544 poems are possible. Among them, the combined form of Ⓥ1 + Ⓢ1 and Ⓥ1 + Ⓢ1 is the same as the Aparavaktra of Ardhasamavṛtta, and Ⓥ4 + Ⓢ4 and Ⓥ4 + Ⓢ4 of Vaitālīya is the same as the Viyoginī of Ardhasamavṛtta. 2. In the case of Aupacchandasika, it is the same as the rule of the Vaitaliya, but the second half of the odd and the even pādas ends with ‘⏤∪⏤∪⏤⏤’(Ra, Ya). (cf. table of p.183) Of the 12,544 types of Vaitālīya’s structures, ‘a,c∪∪∪∪∪∪⏤∪⏤∪⏤, b,d∪∪∪∪⏤∪∪ ⏤∪⏤∪⏤’ is the same as Aparavaktra metre and a,c∪∪⏤∪∪⏤∪⏤∪⏤, b,d∪∪⏤⏤∪∪⏤∪⏤∪⏤is the same as Viyoginī (=Sundari) metre of Viṣamavṛtta. Similarly, among the 12,544 kinds of Aupacchandasika’s structures, ‘a, c∪∪∪∪∪∪⏤∪⏤∪⏤⏤, b, d∪∪∪∪⏤∪∪⏤∪⏤∪⏤⏤’ is the same as Puṣpitāgrā metre and ‘a,c∪∪⏤∪∪⏤∪⏤∪⏤⏤, b,d∪∪⏤⏤∪∪⏤∪⏤∪⏤’is the same as Malabhāriṇī (=Śiśulīlā) metre of Viṣamavṛtta.