胡適의 『紅樓夢』 연구에 대한 고찰

Abstract

There were few scholars who did researches on 『Hong Lou Meng』 academically correctly before New Culture Movement of 5ㆍ4 due to the climate that disregarded novels. After New Culture Movement of 5ㆍ4, however, interest in novels rose and researches on 『Hong Lou Meng』started in full scale. The very starting point was Hu Shi(1891~1962) who published 『Hong Lou Meng Kao Zheng』 in 1921, criticizing Suo Yin Pai Hong Xue and proposing scientific Hong Xue researches. Making its first appearance in the middle 1700s, 『Hong Lou Meng』 built a reader base of diverse colors and even led to the formation of a school called “Hong Xue(紅學).” The early Hong Xue from the researches and evaluations of the early scholars to the fragmentary records was merely a pastime for scholars and far from true study. However, a “Hong Xue” school was formed called “Suo Yin Pai.”The Suo Yin Pai Hong Xue saw 『Hong Lou Meng』 as a novel that secretly contained the politics and history of Qing Chao, which was founded in the background of rising revolutionary spirit and national consciousness in early Wan Qing and Min Guo. However, Hu Shi’s “Kao Zheng Pai Hong Xue” was created in the process of criticizing the problems with the methodologies of Suo Yin Pai Hong Xue and trying to overcome them. Hu Shi argued that the Suo Yin Pai Hong Xue’s methodology that was like solving a riddle should first be eliminated in order to understand 『Hong Lou Meng』 right and criticized its problems with scientific and historical research methods. Hu Shi and his Kao Zheng Pai Hong Xue established completely different methodologies from Suo Yin Pai Hong Xue with scientific and historical research methods and realistic concepts and led to the following conclusions: ①The writer of 『Hong Lou Meng』 was Cao Xue Jin; ② 『Hong Lou Meng』 was the autobiography and family history of Cao Xue Jin; and ③It is not true that the same person wrote the former 80 episodes and latter 40 episodes of 『Hong Lou Meng』. The latter 40 episodes were written by Gao E, which was one of the major research topics raised by Hu Shi in his 『Hong Lou Meng Kang Zheng』, one of key issues in 『Hong Lou Meng Bian』 by Yu Ping Bo, and one of the principal research tasks of Xin Hong Xue that continued later. It is estimated that “Kao Zheng Pai Hong Xue” started by Hu Shi formed a new norm in the research history of Hong Xue. However, the theories about the writer, sequel, and autobiography Hu Shi raised in his 『Hong Lou Meng』 research were the achievements of Hu Shi and Kao Zheng Pai Hong Xue and, at the same time, the limitations. Even though it is true that the arguments were closely related to New Culture Movement of 5ㆍ4, they revealed a crisis with Hu Shi’s research methods. Some might underestimate the research methods of Kao Zheng Pai Hong Xue citing them, but it is clear that the research achievements and methods of Kao Zheng Pai Hong Xue made the scientific foundation of the growth of Hong Xue.