시진핑 집권 이후 중국의 신장 위구르사회에 대한 강경 정책의 심화 과정 : ‘거극단화’의 달성을 목표로 한 종교정책의 추이를 중심으로
Reinforcement of Hard-line Policy against Xinjiang Uighur Society during Xi Jinping’s Period: Course of Harsh Religious Policy for the Implementation of ‘De-radicalization’
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시진핑 집권 이후 신장 위구르사회에 대한 강경한 정책을 선도해 온 종교정책의 추이에 대해 분석하고자 한다. 강온 양면을 포괄한 전임자들의 경우와 달리 시진핑의 정책은 강경 일변도로 발전해 왔다. 그에 따라 종교정책은 테러 예방을 위해 위구르인들의 이슬람에 대한 신념을 인위적으로 변화시킨다는 ‘거극단화’를 목표로 설정했다. 이 글은 ‘거극단화’라는 예방적 개념이 법제적 과정을 거쳐 정책 목표로 등장하는 과정을 중점적으로 분석하고 ‘거극단화’를 위해 설치된 ‘직업교육훈련센터’의 ‘교육전화’에 대해 살펴볼 것이다. 다수의 위구르인들을 장기간 수용하고 있는 상황은 반인권적 강제수용소 부활이라는 국제적 논란을 불러일으키고 있다.
Abstract
This paper focuses on the current trend of religious policy which caused the turmoil of Uighur society in Xinjiang since the beginning of Xi Jinping’s regime. Unlike the predecessors’ policy which maintained the balance between hard and moderate, Xi’s policy kept running on the one-sided harsh trail. Xi’s hard-line policy pursued the goal of ‘de-radicalization’ to prevent the terrorist activities by way of imposing conversion of Uighur people’s belief in Islam. This paper endeavors to analyze the process which pushed the preventive concept of ‘de-radicalization’ to be equipped with the legislative power of 「De-radicalization regulations」, and thereafter attempts to follow the track of ambiguous procedure of ‘educational conversion’ which has been implemented in the undisclosed ‘re-education centers’. International society asserts the centers to be the anachronistic ‘detention camps’, which prompted the controversy of human right abuses between China and the human rights actors of international society.
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