다자이 오사무(太宰治) 『인간 실격(人間失格)』에 나타난 ‘세상’ 인식 ― ‘응석(甘え)’ 심리와 관련하여 ―

Abstract

In human relations, the agony on the ‘world’ that the protagonist, Oba Yozo experiences, is essentially related to lifes of modern humans. Since the ‘world’ to Yozo is ‘others’ incomprehensible, this ‘world’ is the object being at odds with others. However, Yozo being faced with the apprehended ‘world’ is trembling with fear in relation with others. Even though he attempts to look for his nest in the ‘world’, Yozo eventually becomes a ‘disqualified person’ deprived of human qualification. In this way, the ‘world’ that Yozo who is harassed by worldly passions is not the ‘world’ as ideology, but the ‘world’ which an individual experiences in human relations. In No Longer Human, the disputed ‘world’ is formed in human relations. In association with relations in others surrounding Yozo, to examine closely the essence of the ‘world’ that Yozo himself experiences is very important in this study. It is just the theory of ‘amae’ (playing on anther’s affection) examined and systematized by Doi Takeo to be available to understand Yozo’s life in face of the ‘world’. In Yozo, the fear of human relations and the sense of alienation for the ‘world’ is a result that the feeling of uneasiness for the ‘world’ without ‘amae’ is amplified. Therefore, this study purposes to read the perception for the ‘world’ flashed by man character, Yozo’s eyes appearing in No Longer Human by making use Doi Takeo’s the theory of ‘amae’ psychology. This study makes a division as three classes concerning ‘amae’ formed in human relations of Yozo. Firstly, it is just the ‘world’ that Yozo can not play on affection(family, Shizuko, and Hirame). Secondly, it is the ‘world’ that Yozo can play on affection(Tsuneko, Prostitutes, and Madam). Finally, it is the ‘world’ that Yozo can play on affection and that the lost ‘world’(Shigeko, Yoshiko, and Horiki).