现代汉语“V1+V2”状中结構分析

Abstract

Language changes and develops without stopping. To speak in a simple and economical way, people find some exceptions in the grammar of their language, that is to say some of the verbs are used as adverbials in the sentences. It is undeniable that verbs can directly modify verbs in the sentences. Generally speaking, most Chinese learners of the beginner and intermediate level in Korea learn Chinese linguistic rules from the Chinese grammar books. Learners can find the basic and commonly used vocabulary in the given HSK words. In this paper, the writer broke down the HSK vocabulary from the first grade to the sixth one according to its degree of difficulty and found out that twenty four of mono syllabic verbs(8.25%) and seventy eight of double syllabic verbs(4.72%) can be uttered as direct modifiers right in front of other verbs. 洪心衡（1963, 王正红（1989）, 郭奇军･龙启艳（2010）insisted that verbs are still verbs when they modify others before them, but 孙德金（1997）said that the modifying verbs should be considered as adverbial verbs because a few of them happen in the Chinese writings. This research says that “比如” is typically adverbs and “飞跃、胜利” can be said that they are comparatively typical adverbs. Except three of them, the vast majority of the one and two syllabic verbs are typical verbs. Therefore I think some verbs can play the role as adverbials, but it is quite exceptional and uncommon in the sentences. When verbs modify other verbs in the sentences, the preceding verbs do not state independent events but the mode and condition of the following verbs. As 郭锐（2002：241`293）demonstrates, these phenomena shows that the adverbial verbs have the temporary function and when they are out of this functional context, when it comes to verbs modifying verbs, they still act as verbs. Simply put, when they are used as modifiers, they describe the state and condition of the main verbs, however, when they are used as predicates, they just state the complete event. in this paper, I classify the following three kinds of adverbial verbs that directly modify the other verbs in the Chinese sentences:1) “V1” is a motional verb. Thus “V1” and “V2” state different events but the motionness of “V1” is getting less and less and finally it does not represent its concrete motion. Namely, “V1” demonstrates the state and condition of “V2”, the main verbs; the timeness of “V1” gets vague only to have the sense of being in the process for “V2”. 2) “V1” is not a motional verb. Therefore, “V1+V2” structure states one event. 3) “V1” is a motional verb, but has a figurative meaning. Although “V1+V2” stands for two different motional verbs, “V1” represents the state and condition of “V2”.