変貌する春日神 –古代ㆍ中世文芸を中心に–

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to examine the aspects of tranforming Kasuga-god(春日神) by focusing on the Literary Arts in AncientㆍMedieval Japan. Kasuga Shrine is the Shrine of Fujiwara and is told when Minister of the Left Nagate Fujiwara founded Kasuga Shrine for the purpose of the prosperity of the whole families and the Imperial castle protection of Heijokyo(平城京). Kasuga-god is written by “Kasuga-saijin-shija(春日祭神四座)” in “Engi-shiki(延喜式)”, but all that having deep relations of the gods of specified Kasuga Shrine and shows the power of god as the patron saint of Fujiwara in “Nihonshoki(日本書紀)”. Kasuga- god is as the patron saint of Fujiwara. and also the enshrined deity of Kasuga Shrine was located as the gods who supported Amaterasu Omikami(天照大御神) by military power and religious service. It is drawn that enshrinement of Kasuga-god is performed in Kasuga-no(春日野) in “Manyoshu(万葉集)”, and Kasuga-god is recognized as an object of a path and prayer of the sea route security of Japanese missions to Tang China(遣唐使, Kentōshi) in “Shoku-nihongi(続日本紀)” and “Shoku-nihonkoki(続日本後記)”A state of the Kasuga prayer of the distinction is pictured in “Ustuho Monogatari(うつほ物語)” in form to stand out in a literary work of the Heian era most, but　Kasuga -god appeared as an object of prayer in expectation of a service at the Imperial Court while showing that prayer of Masayori(正頼) in Kasuga Shrine. And it was an act based on the blood relationship of Fujiwara as the parishioners of Kasuga Shrine. It was the existence that at first Kasuga-god took it into consideration in an employee and the installation of the empress of Fujiwara in “The Tale of Genji(源氏物語)” and was used as an object of the affairs of state as a maternal relative of Fujiwara. Kasuga-god was pictured as god following tranquility of the world as a faithful god in “Kasuga Gongen Genki-e(春日権現験記絵)”, and it is written down what Kasuga-god gave with a oneself “mercy ten thousand line Bodhisattva(慈悲万行菩薩)” in Vol. 1. Conclusively, it is thought that Kasuga faith presents what kind of the aspects in literary arts text in the Heian periodㆍMiddle Ages. It gradually accomplish transformation based on every text, and a characters of Kasuga-god is from the patron saint of Fujiwara to the affairs of state as a maternal relative of Fujiwaraㆍan object of the prayer in the path and objectㆍcase of the prayer of the sea route security in “Nihonshoki”ㆍ“Manyoshu”ㆍ“Shoku-nihongi”ㆍ“Shoku-nihonkoki”ㆍ“Ustuho Monogatari”ㆍ“The Tale of Genji”ㆍ“Kasuga Gongen Genki-e” etc.