能因と河原院 – 歌人形成における影響 –

Abstract

Nōin, a prominent poet in the middle of the Heian period, produced a poem compilation, A Collection of the Priest Nōin’s Poems, where he left a poem by the daughter of Anpō in Kawaranoin. In this article, I explore how Nōin approached Kawaranoin and how it affected the figure of the poet. Kawaranoin refers to a house of Minamotono Tōru, a son of Emperor Saga, build by Kamo River. It was famous for its spacious site and the garden that imitated a utamukura in Mutsu. After the death of Tōru, however, the garden fell into ruin when the priest Anpō, his descendant, inherited it. But the educated persons and poets who were excluded from the aristocratic society led by Fujiwara cherished its beauty, and “the Kawaranoin Cultural Area” naturally emerged. Nōin’s contact with the Kawaranoin Cultural Area started, it seems, when he was led to regularly visit Kawaranoin by Nagatō Fujiwara (his poem mentor) and the senior poets, Minamotono Michinari and Oeno Yoshitoki. These three figures are in fact mentioned in A Collection of the Priest Nōin’s Poems and highly valued in Gengenshū; they are also mentioned in A Collection of Anpō’s Poems. In his youth, Nōin digested the waka tradition from Kokinshū to Shūishū and worked hard to establish his own style. This is well reflected in the number-controlled poems at the outset of A Collection of the Priest Nōin’s Poems. At the same time, he accepted the expressions popular at the Kawaranoin Cultural Area; one specific example of this is that one sporadically finds poems featuring the poem word hana-no miyako ‘the capital of flowers’ in A Collection of the Priest Nōin’s Poems and Gengenshū. Nōin’s visit to Kawaranoin seems to have affected even his life, as reflected in his trips (twice) to Mutsu. He could not see the garden of Kawaranoin, which imitated a utamakura in Mutsu and fell into ruin after Tōru died. This seems to have aroused his curiosity and led him to create Nōin’s Utamakuras. In this way, although the relation between Nōin and Kawaranoin is uncovered in only a single poem in A Collection of the Priest Nōin’s Poems, a detailed study of his poems reveals that Kawaranoin had a deep impact on various aspects of his poems. In this sense, Nōin dedicatedly played a role in bridging between Shūishū and Go-shūishū.