“부족”의 상품화와 전통의 재창조: 인도네시아 숨바 섬의 부족 관광 연구
Commercializing the Tribe in the Tourism and the Reinvention of the Tradition in Sumba, Indonesia
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This study examines the tribal tour in Sumba, Indonesia, and sees how the “tribe” became the theme of tourism. The tribal elements in the tour package include violent horse battle called pasola, animistic funerals and megalithic traditions. The message that this tour package delivers is that Sumba has maintained an ancient, intact, and animist tradition over the course of history. The term, tribe was actually a contained terminology by the Indonesian governments. The Suharto regime in particular saw it as a social evil, and tried to assimilate the mountain-resided isolated tribes into the low-land civilizations. The utilization of the tribe in the tourism is understandable within the context that these marginalized people began to strategically use the term, “tribe,” or “indigenous people,” as an active method to challenge the state power in the matters of management of lands, forests and other assets. In addition, via tribal tour, the Sumbanese were able to promote their ethnic status, which was located at the bottom before. Yet, as the Sumbanese have manipulated the local traditions in order to make their culture more spectacular and exotic, the culture “on stage” deviate from the original shape. This has caused the local concern that the authentic Sumbanese culture can be lost, and it may cause the eventual decline of the tourism.
Abstract
This study examines the tribal tour in Sumba, Indonesia, and sees how the “tribe” became the theme of tourism. The tribal elements in the tour package include violent horse battle called pasola, animistic funerals and megalithic traditions. The message that this tour package delivers is that Sumba has maintained an ancient, intact, and animist tradition over the course of history. The term, tribe was actually a contained terminology by the Indonesian governments. The Suharto regime in particular saw it as a social evil, and tried to assimilate the mountain-resided isolated tribes into the low-land civilizations. The utilization of the tribe in the tourism is understandable within the context that these marginalized people began to strategically use the term, “tribe,” or “indigenous people,” as an active method to challenge the state power in the matters of management of lands, forests and other assets. In addition, via tribal tour, the Sumbanese were able to promote their ethnic status, which was located at the bottom before. Yet, as the Sumbanese have manipulated the local traditions in order to make their culture more spectacular and exotic, the culture “on stage” deviate from the original shape. This has caused the local concern that the authentic Sumbanese culture can be lost, and it may cause the eventual decline of the tourism.
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