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탈식민지기 동남아시아의 해적과 밀무역: 술루해를 중심으로

Piracy and Smuggling in Postcolonial Southeast Asia: A Case Study of Sulu Sea

여운경
동남아연구소 (Center for Southeast Asian Studies)|2022.12|동남아연구|제32권 제3호|pp. 43-74|DOI 10.21485/hufsea.2022.32.3.002

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참고문헌

키워드

해적밀무역필리핀The Philippinespiracysmuggling술루해북보르네오합법성/불법성동남아시아의 탈식민지화Sulu SeaNorth Borneo(il)legalitydecolonization in Southeast Asia
주제분류학제간연구

초록

본 논문은 술루해의 밀무역, 해적이라는 문제를 통해 탈식민지기 동남아시아의 해상무역 구조를 살펴본다. 도서부 19세기 후반 동남아시아에서 식민 세력의 팽창과 영토국가의 건설은 영해와 해상 경계의 확정을 가져왔고, 그것은 “일상적” 경제활동의 합법성/불법성을 새롭게 규정했다. 제도의 정비와 기술의 발전이 “불법적” 해적 활동을 약화시켰지만, 한편으로 새롭게 설정된 경계는 밀무역 같이 경계를 넘는 경제활동을 활성화를 가져왔다. 이런 상황은 1950-60년대 탈식민지화와 새로운 국가들의 등장과 함께 재현되었다. 영국령 북보르네오, 필리핀, 인도네시아 접경지대인 술루해의 해적과 밀무역은 그 좋은 사례이다. 당시 필리핀 남부에서 출몰하는 해적의 활동, 술루해 주변에 출몰하는 밀무역 선단에 대한 삼국 정부의 대응은 경제 행위의 적합성/합법성의 자의성과 유동성을 드러내고, 19세기 말과 마찬가지로 새로운 국가와 경계의 등장이 이 지역 무역 구조와 해석에 영향을 끼쳤음을 보여준다.

Abstract

This article examines the structure of maritime trade in postcolonial Southeast Asia through the issues of smuggling and piracy in the Sulu Sea. The expansion of colonial powers and the establishment of territorial states in Southeast Asia in the late 19th century led to the determination of territorial sea and maritime boundaries, which redefined the legality/illegality of “daily” economic activities. While institutional arrangements and technological developments weakened “illegal” piracy, newly established boundaries have encouraged cross-border economic activities such as smuggling. This situation was reproduced with the decolonization of the 1950s and 1960s and the emergence of new states. Piracy and smuggling in the Sulu Sea, a maritime border area between British North Borneo, the Philippines and Indonesia, is a good example. The activities of pirates in the southern Philippines, and the responses of the governments of the three countries to the smuggling fleets around the Sulu Sea shows the arbitrariness and fluidity of the licitness/legality of economic activities, and, like the end of the 19th century, exhibits that the emergence of new states and borders influenced the structure and interpretation of trade in the region.

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