Membaca Kompleksitas Penindasan dalam Entrok melalui Kacamata Interseksionalitas
Reading Complexity of Oppression in Entrok from Lens of Intersectionality
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Okky Madasari is an author who continues to present her critical views on various social issues in society in the realm of contemporary Indonesian literature. From tracing her works, it seems that she often questions the structure of power which causes discrimination, inequality and oppression of society. These issues are the main themes that permeate all of her works. In her first novel “Entrok,” she tries to build a narrative regarding those issues in a quite interesting way because she presents the issues of injustice, discrimination, and oppression as a consequence of intersecting factors such as gender, religion, class, and state. This study aims to discuss the complexity of oppression in relation to the diversity of identities, which is illustrated in “Entrok” by reflecting on the concept of intersectionality. The results of the analysis can be formulated as follows. First, in the context of gender and culture, Marni, the female protagonist in this work, as a Javanese female worker experienced discrimination and oppression that comes from the patriarchal ideology planted in Javanese society. However, she continued to break the patriarchal order and eventually succeeded in gaining economic power that made her free from the shackles of patriarchal ideology. Second, in the context of religion, as a penghayat kepercayaan she was attacked by the power of a religious ideology, which then trapped her in oppression and forced her to negotiate with the power using her economic capital. Third, in the context of the state, as a citizen who lived in the New Order era, she had to face all the social inequality and oppression committed by the state. In particular, the discourse of anti-communism and state-building exploited her by using her fear of being labeled PKI or the enemy of the state. The stigma of PKI, which she wanted to avoid until all her wealth was extorted by the state, finally destroyed her entire life. The results of this study show that in the narrative built by Madasari to describe the complex of oppression faced by Marni, the state is the most powerful perpetrator of oppression among several of powers that cause oppression in society. It can be said that Madasari tried to dig up the reality of previous state’s oppression which is still drowning in the ‘big hole’ and wants to reveal the existence of the ghosts that oppressed Indonesian society for a long time.
Abstract
Okky Madasari is an author who continues to present her critical views on various social issues in society in the realm of contemporary Indonesian literature. From tracing her works, it seems that she often questions the structure of power which causes discrimination, inequality and oppression of society. These issues are the main themes that permeate all of her works. In her first novel “Entrok,” she tries to build a narrative regarding those issues in a quite interesting way because she presents the issues of injustice, discrimination, and oppression as a consequence of intersecting factors such as gender, religion, class, and state. This study aims to discuss the complexity of oppression in relation to the diversity of identities, which is illustrated in “Entrok” by reflecting on the concept of intersectionality. The results of the analysis can be formulated as follows. First, in the context of gender and culture, Marni, the female protagonist in this work, as a Javanese female worker experienced discrimination and oppression that comes from the patriarchal ideology planted in Javanese society. However, she continued to break the patriarchal order and eventually succeeded in gaining economic power that made her free from the shackles of patriarchal ideology. Second, in the context of religion, as a penghayat kepercayaan she was attacked by the power of a religious ideology, which then trapped her in oppression and forced her to negotiate with the power using her economic capital. Third, in the context of the state, as a citizen who lived in the New Order era, she had to face all the social inequality and oppression committed by the state. In particular, the discourse of anti-communism and state-building exploited her by using her fear of being labeled PKI or the enemy of the state. The stigma of PKI, which she wanted to avoid until all her wealth was extorted by the state, finally destroyed her entire life. The results of this study show that in the narrative built by Madasari to describe the complex of oppression faced by Marni, the state is the most powerful perpetrator of oppression among several of powers that cause oppression in society. It can be said that Madasari tried to dig up the reality of previous state’s oppression which is still drowning in the ‘big hole’ and wants to reveal the existence of the ghosts that oppressed Indonesian society for a long time.
참고문헌 (29)
- Arsitowati, Winta Hari, "Pergulatan Okky Madasari dalam Arena Sastra Indonesia Pasca-Orde Baru", Mozaik Humaniora, 17(2), pp.304~322 (2017)
- Bahtiar, Ahmad dan Rahman, "Konflik Agama dalam Novel Maryam Karya Okky Madasari", Jentera, 7(2), pp.161~181 (2018)
- Collins, P. H., "Intersectionality" (2016), Polity Press
- Crenshaw, K., "Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and Antiracist Policies", University of Chicago Legal Forum 1989, 1, pp.139~167 (1989)
- Crenshaw, K., "Mapping the margins: Intersectionality, identity politics,and violence against women of color", Stanford Law Review, 43(6), pp.1241~1299 (1991)
- Fadhli, Y. Z., "Kedudukan Kelompok Minoritas dalam Perspektif HAM dan Perlindungan Hukumnya di Indonesia", Jurnal Konstitusi, 11(2), pp.353~370 (2014)
- Hadi, D.W., "Propaganda Orde Baru 1966-1980", Verleden, 1(1), pp.40~50 (2012)
- Herlambang, Wijaya, "Kekerasan Budaya Pasca 1965" (2013), Marjin Kiri
- 홍찬숙, "교차성 논의의 이론화 및 방법론적 쟁점: 사회학적 수용 및 유럽에서의 수용을 중심으로", 젠더와 문화, 12(1), pp.7~39 (2019), 여성학연구소[DOI]
- Koesnadi, O.Y., "Eksistensi Tokoh Perempuan dalam Novel Entrok Karya Okky Madasari dan Pemanfaatannya sebagai Materi Ajar Pembelajaran Sastra", Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia, 11(1), pp.9~24 (2021)
- Kusuma, "Menimbang Kodrat Perempuan antara Nilai Budaya dan Kategori Analisis", Refleksi, 13(6), pp.779~800 (2014)
- Madasari, Okky, "Entrok" (2010), PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama
- Madasari, Okky, "Melawan Ketidaktahuan dan Ketidakpedulian", ~ (2013)
- "Okkymadasari.net" (2013)[URL]
- "Entrok: Simbol Keterkungkungan dan Perlawana" (2017)[URL]
- Mutiara, A., "Menguak Pengalaman Komunikasi dalam Ritual Pesugihan", Jurnal Pendidikan Tambusai, 6(1), pp.4864~4867 (2020)
- Oktavianti, Radevi, "Formasi dan Negosiasi Ideologi pada Novel"Entrok"Karya Okky Madasari : Analisis Hegemoni Gramscian", Jurnal Literasi, 6(2), pp.422~430 (2022)
- Pamungkas, Sigit, "Partai Politik : Teori dan Praktik di Indonesia" (2011), Institute for Democracy and Welfarism
- Prawoto, Eko Cahyo, "Hegemoni dalam Novel Entrok Karya Okky Madasari", Jurnal Buana Bastra, 8(2), pp.10~20 (2021)
- Ratner, C., "Encyclopedia of Critical Psychology" (2014), Springer
- Setiawan, H., "Image of Women in Novels by Okky Madasari", International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Culture, 7(1), pp.32~44 (2021)
- Setyorini, Ririn, "Diskriminasi Gender dalam Novel Entrok Karya Okky Madasari: Kajian Feminisme", Jurnal Desain, 4(3), pp.291~297 (2017)
- Shin, Kyung Sook, "Kritik Feminis dan Sastra Perempuan" (2004), Ehwa Women’s University Press
- Shinta, A. M., "Feminism Reality as Expressed by Sumarni in The Years of The Voiceless Novel by Okky Madasari: A Critical Discourse Analysis", LITE: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, dan Budaya, 14(2), pp.186~198 (2018)
- Sudiatmi, Muryati, "Refleksi Rezim Orde Baru dalam Novel Entrok Karya Okky Madasari", Klitika: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia, 4(1), pp.67~72 (2022)
- Suwandi, S. S., "Getting Rid of the Stereotypes toward Women among Javanese Society in the Novel Entrok by Okky Madasari", International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 6(1), pp.320~331 (2019)
- Wulandari, B.W., "Konflik Sosial dalam Novel Entrok Karya Okky Madasari : Pendekatan Sosiologi Sastra", CARAKA, 5(1), pp.154~173 (2018)
- Yuliani, Sri, "Menguak Konstruksi Sosial dibalik Diskriminasi Terhadap Waria", Sosiologi Dilema, 18(2), pp.73~84 (2006)
- Zuhri, Amat, "Konstruksi Identitas Kelompok Penghayat Kepercayaan terhadap Tuhan Yang Maha Esa di Pekalongan, Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Universitas Islam Negeri K.H.", Abdurrahman Wahid Pekalongan, ~ (2020)