정당전쟁론에 대한 윤리적 탐구

Abstract

This article is to criticize the ethical principles of the Just War Theory, surveying the origins and history of a Just War, and then to survey ethical problems in applying just war theory. If war is inevitable, then the Just War Theory’s purpose is to minimize the victims and destruction from war and limit the scale and scope of war. Therefore this not only distinguishes the Just War and the unjust war from each other, but also allows only a war with a legitimate cause and proper course to take place. The principles of a Just War are divided into two main elements; Jus ad bellum and Jus in Bello. According to Jus ad bellum; 1) There must be a just cause for war. 2) War must be the last resort. 3) War must be declared and carried out by proper authority. 3) The final objective must always be peace. 4) War must be carried out by right intention. 5) There must be a reasonable hope for victory. 6) Proportionality means that the good toward which the war aims is proportional to the evil that the war will cause, meaning that the advantages from the outcome of war should exceed the disadvantages. 7) The objectives of war must be limited. Jus in Bello states that; 1) Discrimination: We must distinguish between noncombatants and combatants in order to avoid unnecessary loss of life. 2) Proportionality; There must be proportion between the means and the objective. There are many realistic ethical problems in applying the Just War Theory. First of all, it would be a complete misuse of the ideology to succeed in minimizing and limiting the scope and damage of war. Second, with regards to the result of war, a war with the intention of preventing a great evil and securing a better good has the potential to produce an even greater evil through the circularization and continuation of violence. Third, the development of nuclear weapons is excluded from the Just War Theory because the use of nuclear weapon will most likely result in MAD (mutually assured destruction). Therefore, if the authentic aim of war is the restoration of peace, it is necessary to prevent and limit war to every extent possible. So we must work for peace throughout our world and maintain a realistic effort for coexistence with each other in order to prevent having to implement a case for Just War.