가다머의 철학적 해석학이 신학에 미친 영향
Theological Influence of H.-G. Gadamer's Philosopical Hermeneutics
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가다머의 해석학은 종교와 갈등을 유발해온 과학적 사유와 방법론을 극복할 인문학적 진리를 "재활"시켰다는 점 때문에 신학자들의 관심을 끌어왔다. 그의 해석학을 신학적으로 활용하려는 시도는 대체로 두 가지로 정리된다. 첫째는 철학적 해석학에서 근대적인 객관주의 성경해석과 포스트모던적 상대주의적 해체를 모두 넘어설 수 있는 존재론적 성경해석법의 이론적 토대를 도출하려는 것이다. 이는 가다머의 해석학이 텍스트 이해가 삶의 변화를 요구하는 존재론적 사건임을 보여준 것에서 비롯된다. 둘째는 이해를 대화로 규정한 가다머의 해석학에 기초하여 종교의 본질과 역할에 대한 이해를 포스트모던 다원주의 사회에 부합하게 바꾸고 이에 기초해 종교가 사회-문화적 통합에 기여할 수 있음을 보이려는 시도이다. 신학자들은 이러한 시도는 실용적 유익이 있으나 신학의 본질인 초월적인 면에 비추어볼 때 분명히 제약에 봉착할 밖에 없다.
Abstract
Theologians have been drawn to Gadamer’s Hermeneutics for its ability to “rehabilitate” humanistic truths to overcome scientific thinking and methods antithetical to religion. There are two main ways in which theologians have attempted to apply his hermeneutics to theology. First, Gadamer’s philosophical hermeneutics have been used to construct a theoretical foundation, one that goes beyond modern objectivist interpretation or postmodern relativistic deconstruction, for the ontological interpretation of Scriptures. His hermeneutics show that the process of understanding text in itself is an ontological event that demands life-changing responses. Secondly, some have proposed that Gadamer’s dialogical thoughts on understanding help construct a more appropriate comprehension of the nature and function of religion for a postmodern society and culture. This understanding supposedly demonstrates how social integration within postmodern societies and cultures can be achieved through religion. Although both theological attempts have revealed the practical and instructive benefits of applying Gadamer’s hermeneutics to theology, his hermeneutics have been faced with material limits because theology essentially deals with transcendental reality.
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