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전환기 정치과정상 강한 정당이 필수인가: 제헌국회 사례
Are Strong Political Parties Essential in a Transitional System: Case of the Korean Constituent Assembly
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참고문헌
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주제분류정치외교학
초록
이 글은 제헌국회 시기(1948~50년)의 역사적 경험을 통해 전환적 정치과정상 강한 정당이 필요한지 여부를 살펴본다. 기존 문헌을 보면, 강한 정당은 국민의 정치참여를 북돋음으로써 전환기에 큰 원동력을 제공하나 의회의 숙의성과 관련해서는 부정적일 수 있다. 이 글에 의하면, 제헌국회는 정당들이 제도화되지 않고 배타적 일체감을 낳을 만큼 강한 성격을 갖추지 못한 상황에서 참여의 가치를 기하는 데는 미흡했으나 숙의의 가치에서는 비교적 무난한 모습을 보였다. 만약 제헌국회 당시 강한 정당들이 존재했다면 숙의성에 문제가 초래되었을 것이라는 추론이 가능하다. 오늘날 참여와 숙의의 조화 속에 정치적 변혁을 기하기 위해서는 정당의 내부 다양성과 온건함이 필요하다는 탐색적 시사점이 도출된다.
Abstract
This article explores the two faces of political parties in light of the historical experiences during the Korean Constituent Assembly (1948~50). The literature on political transitions posits that strong parties propel the public’s political participation, but are generally unfavorable to deliberative politics. According to this article, the Korean Constituent Assembly was able to lead relatively smooth transition of the country, largely due to the absence of strong political parties. This absence worked against values of participation, but helped to materialize values of deliberation to a reasonable extent. It is implied that political transitions featuring a balance of participation and deliberation call for moderate and pluralist partisanship.
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