민족적 정체성과 민주적 시민성: 세계화시대 비지배 자유원칙
National Identity and Democratic Citizenship: The Principle of Liberty as Non-domination in the Global Era
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이 논문은 세계화시대 민족적 정체성과 민주적 시민성의 긴장을 이론적으로 검토하고, 이러한 긴장이 한국사회에 가져올 갈등을 해소할 수 있는 정치적도덕적사회적 원칙으로 비지배자유원칙을 제시하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 기존의 세계화에 대한 연구에서 민족적 정체성과 민주적 시민성은 개별적인 주제로 다루어져 왔다. 그 결과 민족주의와 세계주의로 양극화된 학문적 경향 속에서, 세계화가 초래한 내부적 갈등, 세계화와 민주화의 긴장, 그리고 세계화가 초래한 중산층의 붕괴와 빈민층의 증가와 같은 지구적 차원의 문제들을 해결하기 위한 국가역할을 제고를 정당화할 원칙에 대해서는 충분한 연구가 진행되지 못했다. 이러한 문제의식에서 필자는 역사적 성취로서 민족적 정체성과 사회적 권리를 포함하는 민주적 시민성을 상호보완적인 관계의 틀에서 통합하고, 이를 토대로 한국 사회가 세계화시대에 당면한 문제들의 해결에 일관되게 적용될 수 있는 비지배자유원칙을 판단의 근거로 제시한다.
Abstract
This article theorizes a framework which is based on the generative relationship between national identity and democratic citizenship in the context of liberty as non-domination. It has been argued frequently that a series of fundamental transformations in the global era calls for the need for rethinking of national identity and democratic citizenship. However, there are few scholarly attempts to show how the two most important conceptions in modern societies have changed with processes of globalization and in what way they can be interwoven with one another. This is due not only to the simple antinomies between nationalism and globalism, exclusiveness and inclusiveness, and unity and diversity. It is also due to the fact that scholars tend to take the form of passive citizenship despite increased demands of social justice. By offering some reflections on the relationship between national identity and democratic citizenship in the global era, I will argue three things: (1) that liberty as non-domination may provide us with the best possible theoretical framework in defense of the role of state in private sphere without leaving aside individual autonomy and social diversity; (2) that liberty as non-domination enacts a practical principle by which we can think about national identity as a historical achievement and its relationship to democratic citizenship with social rights; (3) that liberty as non-domination help us weather better conflict between peoples honoring different identities and moral sources by keeping a condition in which arbitrary dominators can be checked not only politically but also socially.
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