과학과 종교 간 대화의 한 가지 예: 양자물리학과 그리스도론
An Example of Dialogues between Science and Religion: Quantum Physics and Christology
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오늘날 무신론적 과학자들이 신봉하는 과학만능주의가 광범위하게 퍼짐에 따라 과학과 종교 간에 갈등이 빚어지고 있는 상황에 있다. 본고는 과학만능주의에 근본적인 한계가 있음을 강조하며, 과학과 종교 간의 대화가 시도할 가치가 있고 가능한 일임을 주장한다. 이러한 시도의 출발점인 세 가지 전제로부터 직접적으로 인식 가능한 피조물의 속성을 통해 직접적 인식이 불가능한 하느님의 속성도 부분적으로나마 유비적으로 해석할 수 있게 된다. 양자물리학의 필수 개념인 상보성 원리와 관측문제 개념을 동시에 사용하여 그리스도론의 칼케돈 정식에 함축된 그리스도교의 대표적 교의를 유비적으로 설명하려는 시도가 본고에서 최초로 이루어졌다. 이 시도에 따르면, 물리적 대상의 파동성과 입자성이 상보적인 것처럼 예수 그리스도의 신성과 인성 역시 상보적인 것으로 이해될 수 있다. 우리가 예수 그리스도의 신성과 인성 간의 상보성을 이해하고 아울러 인간의 관측 한계를 받아들인다면, 칼케돈 정식에 대한 양자물리학적 이해가 유비적으로 가능할 것이다. 따라서 본고는 과학적 개념과 언어로 하느님의 속성을 재해석할 수 있고, 과학과 종교 간의 건설적인 대화가 가능함을 주장한다.
Abstract
In recent times, there have been some conflicts between science and religion with the proliferation of the scientism espoused by materialistic scientists. Highlighting the inherent limitations of scientism, this paper argues convincingly that the dialogue between science and religion is worth an attempt and is feasible. With three basic premises as a cornerstone of this attempt, at least partially by analogy, some directly unidentifiable parts of God’s characteristics will be analyzed by observing the directly perceivable properties of His creatures. Using two necessary concepts of quantum physics together, i.e., both the complementarity principle and the problem of measurement, the representative dogma of Christianity encapsulated in the Chalcedonian definition of Christology will be explained by analogy for the first time in the present work. As a result of this attempt, just as wave and particle properties of any physical objects are complementary, the divinity and humanity of Jesus Christ can also be understood as complementary. If we understand the complementarity of the human and divine natures of Christ and accept the limitations of manmade measurements, the Chalcedonian definition can be explained possibly by the language of quantum physics by using analogy. The present work, therefore, insists on the possibility of the re-analysis of God’s characteristics by using scientific concepts and language and also shows the possibility of constructive dialogue between science and religion.
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