조선후기 경상도 省峴驛의 운영과 驛馬 확보 －『省峴道驛誌』 및 『省峴道邸吏役價釐正節目』을 중심으로－

Abstract

To specifically explore the operation of Seonghyeon Station(省峴驛), Gyeongsang-do, in the lately Chosun Dynasty, and the problem of ensuring a post horse, this article analyzed 『Record of Seongdodo Station』 and 『Section of Seonghyeondojeoliyeokgaijeong 省峴道邸吏役價釐正節目』 or 『Case of Seonghyeon Station(省峴驛事例)』 and 『Section of Seonghyeondo janggyejiksa 省峴道狀啓直使新定節目)』. Seonghyeondo means a station do system to control a bundle of many stations, covering the stations belonging to Jeonju-do (金州道) and Gyeongju-do(慶州道) in Goryeo Dynasty, where 13 stations such as Nueuli Station(無乙伊驛), Youngan Station(永安驛), Yongga Station(用家驛) located. Consolidated by new establishment and transfer of stations in Chosun Dynasty, they were reorganized as 19-sub-stations like Seonghyeon Station and Beomeo Station. The station site of Seonghyeon was built on a building with 114 kans including 16 kans of Asa(衙舍), 10 kans of Suweoljeong(受月亭), 6 kans of Hyeonsanru(峴山樓), 3 kans of Hyeongjiango(形止案庫), 14 kans of warehouse, 6 kans of Changsacheong(倉舍廳), 10 kans of Icheong(吏廳), 5 kans of Yangmacheong(養馬廳), 3 kans of warehouse(庫舍), 8 kans of public kitchen(官廚), 4 kans of warehouse(庫舍), 6 kans of civil warehouse(民庫), 4 kans of guest house(接賓館), 6 kans of grain lease warehouse(社倉庫舍), 4 kans of grain lease place(社倉舍), 4 kans of justice building(刑吏廳), 5 kans of stable(喂養間) . The post of Seonghyeon Station is a general name of station workers taking charge of some station work and domiciled at the station, and according to 『Record of Seonghyeondo Station』, 15 station officials(驛吏 : 時仕), 10 petty officials(知印), 10 duty officers(使令), 12 male public servants(官奴) 12, 9 female public servants(官婢) were dislocated. The post horse is a transportation means to smoothing perform the functions of a station such as the transmission of a royal order and a public document, and transport of an envoy and a load on the packsaddle (cargo carried on cattle or horse). The stations belonging to Seonghyeondo retained 146 horses divided to larger horses(大馬). middle horses(中馬). and packhorses(卜馬), but at the 2nd year of King Sunjo(1802) they decreased even by 100 horses. The main reason is that the post horse was not properly satisfied due to Namgi(濫騎) using a post horse without taking a proper procedure, the steep rise of the post horse, and the private sale of horse field and the pillage of men of power. According to 『Section of Seonghyeondojeoliyeokgaijeong』, it enumerated the evils of the arbitrary Namgi of Gyeongjuin(京主人) coming and going to Seoul to deliver public documents and Ibyeongbang(吏兵房)’s Ipmajeon(立馬錢). To reform these horse evils(馬弊), 1) if the horse price lacked a fixed price((闕額), and it was decided again(改立), they were purchased by 6 horses with Gyeolbokjeon (結復錢-tax collected by Bokhogyeol), in which the horse price was paid for a large horse (大馬) by 350 nyangs, a mid horse(中馬) by 290 nyangs. 2) The purchase and delivery of the post horse was by Ganyangsaek(看養色) or footman(馬夫) in place of conventional Macha(馬差). 3) Instead of collection Ibyeongbangjeongjeon of Seonghyeongbon Station from horse merchants(馬商), action of six paragraphs was taken by paying that from Gyeolbujeon(結復錢), and covering that to entertaining envoys by change of local officials.