18세기 중엽 沙斤道 소속 驛人의 직역과 신분

Abstract

This paper analyzes the changes in the jikyeok(work of life: 職役) and status of the station workers(驛人) in the mid-18th century. The data used in the analysis is the “Sageundo Hyeongjian(Census Register of Sageundo Stations: 沙斤道形止案)” written in 1747, which was collected in the “Museum of Old Roads(옛길박물관)” of Mungyeong City(聞慶市), North Gyeongsang Province(慶尚北道). “Sageundo Hyeongjian” is a survey of the current status of stations in the area of Sageundo Stations(沙斤驛) in Hamyang(咸陽) area of Gyeongsang and 14 nearby stations. This data was recently discovered. The major findings were as follows First, in the case of the “Sageundo Hyeongjian”, the station officials(驛吏) are described similar to those of the census register, while the station servants(驛奴婢) are classified for the purpose of clearly identifying his or her status. It is listed as a separate item such as ‘Yeokjolkangnojil(驛卒降奴秩)’, ‘Yeoknyeogakongsacheonsosaengjil(驛女嫁公私賤所生秩)’, and ‘Yeokrichuikongsacheonsosaengjil(驛吏娶公私賤所生秩)’, etc. Second, the types of station workers identified in the “Sageundo Hyeongjian” are the station officials(驛吏), station servants(驛奴婢), station clerks(日守), etc. However, it can be seen that the station clerks were not organized as their own independent “Ho(household: 戶)”. Therefore, the main station workers of the Sageundo Stations was composed of the station officials(驛吏) and the station servants(驛奴婢). Third, in Sageundo Stations, station officials has an overwhelming share of 70%, followed by station man-servants(驛奴) of 20%, station woman-servants(驛婢) of 10%, and station clerks(日守) of 1%. Fourth, the station servants belonging to Sageundo Stations were found to be 64% of those whose father was a station man-servant and 52% of those whose mother was a common woman(良女). As a result, the parents' union of the station servants were 48% of the “father : station man-servant + mother : common woman”. Fifth, the station workers belonging to Sageundo Stations were generally downgraded to the status. However, We were able to confirm a lot of the station servants that raise their status. In conclusion, by analyzing the data of the “Sageundo Hyeongjian” in 1747, we can clearly show the value of the data. This data is very faithful to the original nature of the scheme, which is the census register of the station, and for that reason, it can be regarded as the best data of the present Joseon dynasty era.