新羅의 熊津都督府 逐出과 壬申亂

Abstract

In July 660, Baekje, a Japanese ally, was occupied by allied forces of Silla and Tang China. There was looting by the occupying forces, and the people of Baekje began to resist here. The Baekje people sent envoys to Japan to ask for aid, and the Japanese king Saimei decided that China, which has an expanding habit, was certain to invade Japan, and that it should be prevented from Baekje. Japan provided troops and supplies to Baekje. However, it faced a disaster in 663 at the Battle of Baekchongang(白村江). Concerned about the invasion of Chinese troops, the Japanese king Tenji builds numerous fortresses across the country. Countless Japanese were mobilized for construction and had to pay taxes. A peace treaty was signed between China and Japan in 665. The Japanese, who knew of China’s strong military might, must have been relieved. However, every things changed when the war between Silla and Tang China broke out on the Korean Peninsula in 670. Silla began to attack the Chinese General Administration of Baekje. The Chinese asked Japan for help. In January 671, the king of Japan Tenji disclosed China’s request for military aid. At that time, Japan could not afford to send troops to the Korean Peninsula. I don’t know why he made the declaration at that time. There could be a huge gap between messages the authorities send and how people accept it. The king’s declaration shocked Japanese society. Specially Japanese Local Nobles were shocked. They paid for troops and supplies during the Baekje War(660-663). Local Nobles recalled again the nightmare of their defeat in Baekje. The existence of the Japanese king Tenji itself was a disaster for them. There were many Baekje people who wanted a war beside the king . In October 671, Silla further intensified its attack on the Chinese General Administration of Baekje, and the fall came. In November of that year, a Chinese official escaped from Baekje with 2,000 people aboard 47 ships and entered Japan. On Dec. 3, the Japanese king Tenji died at this critical time. The massive Exodus, which means the collapse of the General Administration of China in Baekje and the death of dictator Tenji gave people a foreboding of a new era. On the other hand, to crown prince meant isolation. The Chinese emperor and his strings were cut off. The Baekje people beside the crown prince Ootomo also lost their meaning of existence. In 672, the Chinese military zone disappeared from Baekje. It was, above all, a change in the era. So far, Japan has fought a war in Baekje for fear of falling under Chinese rule, and has set up a broad fortress to defend the Japanese islands after the defeat. Many people have sacrificed, but they have endured the dictatorship of the Japanese king Tenji because of fears of an invasion by China. Now the reason is gone. The cause was invalidated. In June 672, Prince Oama revolted in Yoshino. He is the brother of the dead king Tenji. Then a large number of local nobles joined in Prince Oama. Tens of thousands of troops quickly gathered under Oama. They wanted a new government to be ruled by Oama. On July 22, 672, the rebels defeated the government forces, and the next day, Prince Ootomo killed himself, making it a successful rebellion. The prince Oama ascended to the throne. He was Tenmu Ten-nou. A new Japan was born in the aftermath of the Baekje War.