唐 後期, 金銀과 東亞細亞交易

Abstract

Until the 8th century, such textile as silk or cotton had played an important role in East Asian trades. However, as gold and silver trades had been facilitated after the mid 9th century, gold and silver were used to pay for traded goods (tribute). Although textile was still used to pay for transactions, it occurred to trades by aristocrats in the capital area and regions most of the time, and as the King of Silla or the Emperor of Japan monopolized the gold and silver, they emerged as important items. As the highest power of a state monopolized the gold and silver, they were cherished in the process of trading,and it contributed to creating a system where the highest power of a nation could further monopolize the gold and silver. It resulted in a trading system centering Dazaifu in Japan. The background of the appearance of an East Asian trading system led Silla merchants residing in Tang such as Jang Bo‐go who took the initiative in international trades in the sea of East Asia until the mid 19th century to stimulate local powers enabling them to have the upper hand in trading. It contributed to developing private trades by local officials and aristocrats in the west sea areas in Japan. The development of private trades made it difficult for the Japanese Royal Court to monopolize overseas trade (foreign goods) in an effort to enhance and maintain its power, and the Japanese Royal Court who felt threatened was beware of trades with Silla merchants. Under these circumstance, Jang Bo‐go’s death hit hard the East Asian trade that had been led by Silla merchants residing in Tang, and Tang merchants (including Silla merchants residing in Tang) emerged as a main player in the East Asian trades. As gold‐and‐silverbased trades increased, Japan created Dazaifu trading system.