Diary, Letters and Women Writers' Magazine Culture in Republican China
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The short story came to usurp the novel in popularity during the pre-MayFourth era and the two decades that followed it. Various ideas circulated aboutthe genre, which was in its formative stages. In this study, I examine therepresentative views of the short story in Republican China, and the distinctiveaspects of the female elite writers' appropriation of the genre. In particular, Iapproach the characteristics in relation to the magazine culture of thegraduates of the National Beijing Women's Normal College (hereafter NBWNC),which produced a great number of famous women writers. Their magazineculture provides us with new insights into some significant characteristics ofwomen's writings in modern China such as the frequent use of diary and letter. Diary and letters of the modern Chinese women writers can be seen assubjective, spiritual, private or commercial. For feminist critics, diary andletters were the literary means for women writers to explore femalesubjectivity; for the women writers from NBWNC, the forms express thefriends' spiritual communication; for readers, the secretive forms satisfy thereaders' curiosity for women writers' private lives; for editors, women writers'private narratives seemed commercially promising. The female elite from 1920s'Beijing may have regarded the magazine as a public platform for privatecorrespondence exchanges, or in their view, spiritual dialogues. Yet, thesecretive use of the public sphere and the fusion of fictional characters withreal people contributed to enhancing public interest in women writers' privatelives. The spiritual and lyricalor what one may simply call girlishculture of themagazine, unexpectedly brought them to the heart of print capitalism.
Abstract
The short story came to usurp the novel in popularity during the pre-MayFourth era and the two decades that followed it. Various ideas circulated aboutthe genre, which was in its formative stages. In this study, I examine therepresentative views of the short story in Republican China, and the distinctiveaspects of the female elite writers' appropriation of the genre. In particular, Iapproach the characteristics in relation to the magazine culture of thegraduates of the National Beijing Women's Normal College (hereafter NBWNC),which produced a great number of famous women writers. Their magazineculture provides us with new insights into some significant characteristics ofwomen's writings in modern China such as the frequent use of diary and letter. Diary and letters of the modern Chinese women writers can be seen assubjective, spiritual, private or commercial. For feminist critics, diary andletters were the literary means for women writers to explore femalesubjectivity; for the women writers from NBWNC, the forms express thefriends' spiritual communication; for readers, the secretive forms satisfy thereaders' curiosity for women writers' private lives; for editors, women writers'private narratives seemed commercially promising. The female elite from 1920s'Beijing may have regarded the magazine as a public platform for privatecorrespondence exchanges, or in their view, spiritual dialogues. Yet, thesecretive use of the public sphere and the fusion of fictional characters withreal people contributed to enhancing public interest in women writers' privatelives. The spiritual and lyricalor what one may simply call girlishculture of themagazine, unexpectedly brought them to the heart of print capitalism.
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