원한의 격정과 화해로의 도정― 현대 중국문학의 기독교 서사

Abstract

In order to properly understand the core forces behind which modern Chinese literature has developed, It needs a full critical reflection on China’s “passive modernization” process aimed at social and historical modernization in the West. What is required here is that the work of reexamination of modern Chinese literary history, which is based on the Christian spirit as the root value of Western culture, and one of its keywords is the concept of “Ressentiment” raised by Nietzsche. In particular, the main task of this paper is to look at the overcoming of the ressentiment sought in modern Chinese literature and the journey toward reconciliation for Christian love and salvation, focusing on the content of the ressentiment that relates to the “religious – metaphysical despair” in modern values raised by Max Scheler. In this regard, if we analyze the meaning of the crucifixion of Jesus described in Lu Xun魯迅’s Revenge(2), according to the question of “fundamental religious character” in Nietzsche’s Anti-Christ and the image of Jesus, their interface can be called the “Pathos of Ressentiment”. And It may be an important research task to revaluate the aesthetic attempt of the denial and transcendence of ressentiment feeling, the consciousness of opposition to ethnic enmity, and the artistic imagination toward Christian love through decadent aesthetic consciousness of Zhou Zuoren周作人’s literature in the 1920s. The conflict of national identity embodied in Lao She老舍’s literature of the 1930s and the meaning of death toward religious eternal life of Christianity are also important achievements of the journey toward overcoming ressentiment and reconciliation in modern Chinese literature. In addition, the theory of realism based on the spirit of “Passion” raised by Hu Feng 胡風 and the romantic tendency to pursue the “will to power” of the “Zhanguo ce 戰國策” group in the 1940s could be evaluated as a result of literature that embodies overcoming ressentiment and power aesthetics in the medium of Lu Xun’s spirit of passion and Nietzsche’s “Übermensch” image, and liiterary discourse and creativity that show the interface between realism and romanticism unique to the war period. The discourse and creation centered on such ressentiment in modern Chinese literature are also being developed in the post-New China literature between the Chinese continent and Taiwan, and the most important content is the “ressentiment of Nationality”, which worked through the fusion structure of Marxism and Chinese cultural nationalism, and the contemporary Chinese literature shows the path of reconciliation to embody sacred love beyond such political ideologies and class hatred.