宋代 昭君出塞의 새로운 해석 ― 王安石의 <明妃曲> 2수를 중심으로

Abstract

The fragmentary historical records of Wang Zhaojun do not elaborate on her substance. However, with literary imagination, we processed her as a tragic figure who married into the Xiongnu under the name of Hwachin during the Han Dynasty. Unlike the historical facts, 'Zhaojun Chusai’ has been transformed into sadness and resentment according to the demands of the times. However, Wang Anshi no longer tragically sang the fate of Wang Zhaojun. If fate is set, it is the principle of life that the courage and wisdom to pioneer the destiny are also given, so Wang Anshi hope she will live firmly in the Xiongnu and be happy since meeting someone who understands her. “意態由來畫不成”, “人生失意無南北” and “人生樂在相知心”. These three verses are the themes that Wang Anshi wanted to talk about in <MingFei Qu>. This verse reveals the features of the Song poem, which expresses the philosophies that he felt while looking at life, in poetry. Wang Anshi satirized the reality by expressing his reality, his feelings and thoughts through ‘Zhaojun Chusai’, the story from a thousand years ago, and reversed the existing concepts pleasantly. Ou Yangxiu, Mei Yaochen, Sima Guang, Zeng Gong and Liu Chang, who lived in the same era, also agreed with Wang Anshi’s adaptation and expressed their thoughts through response poetries. Through this, we can infer how poets during the Northern Song period thought about 'Zhaojun Chusai’. They criticized the ruler for causing 'Zhaojun Chusai’ and lamented he was so incompetent that he couldn’t even identify what was happening in the concubines before his very eyes, evaluating that Mao Yanshou's death was in vain. They also consoled Wang Zhaojun, saying that where we live is not important if we meet someone who understands us, and the ministers of the Han Dynasty, who reduced her to a tool for Hwachin, totally disappeared, but Wang Zhaojun‘s story is still told. What they wanted to talk about by quoting 'Zhaojun Chusai’ was the reality of the Northern Song period, and their thoughts and feelings living in reality. In the Southern Song period, several negative evaluations of "MingFei Qu" came out in terms of moral and political standards, but it is a wrong interpretation and criticism according to the political situation at the time. In "MingFei Qu", Wang Anshi showed various images of Wang Zhaojun through an unprecedented adaptation based on his philosophy of life. Through a new interpretation of the 'Zhaojun Chusai’, he led the old genre with resentment and sadness to a new state.