商周禘礼演变研究
A Study on The Evolution of the Di Rituals during the Shang and Zhou Dynasties
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Di Ritual is a very important etiquette for worshiping ancestors in Chinese tradition. This article discusses the evolution of the hosts, the objects of the Di ritual, the forms of the ritual, and the time of the ritual in Shang, Western Zhou, Spring and Autumn periods. The Di ritual of the three periods not only inherited and followed, but also evolved and developed. In short, the Shang Dynasty was dominated by Shang kings, who sacrificed ancestors and gods of nature. The hosts of the Western Zhou Dynasty changed from the King of Zhou to ministers, and objects of the Di ritual were the ancestors of the five generations, especially the father, were sacrificed. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the hosts changed from a prince to a minister, and then to a vassal. The objects of the ritual sacrifices were mainly the ancestors of the close line. The rites developed into the ritual of Guan, “Ji Di”, private Di ceremony, “Ding zhao mu” and so on.
Abstract
Di Ritual is a very important etiquette for worshiping ancestors in Chinese tradition. This article discusses the evolution of the hosts, the objects of the Di ritual, the forms of the ritual, and the time of the ritual in Shang, Western Zhou, Spring and Autumn periods. The Di ritual of the three periods not only inherited and followed, but also evolved and developed. In short, the Shang Dynasty was dominated by Shang kings, who sacrificed ancestors and gods of nature. The hosts of the Western Zhou Dynasty changed from the King of Zhou to ministers, and objects of the Di ritual were the ancestors of the five generations, especially the father, were sacrificed. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the hosts changed from a prince to a minister, and then to a vassal. The objects of the ritual sacrifices were mainly the ancestors of the close line. The rites developed into the ritual of Guan, “Ji Di”, private Di ceremony, “Ding zhao mu” and so on.
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