개항 이후 목포의 공간 변화와 문화과정

Abstract

This paper deals with spatial features and their changes of Mokpo City since it had become an open port city in the early days of modernization. The author describes distribution of the ethnic groups related with spatial features and the cultural processes related with formation of the spaces. The objects of this study are some urban spaces and their changes. From the early days of open port, spatial structure of Mokpo had been dual. The places occupied by Japanese were constructed under the planned design. Things representing 'civilization' and modern buildings were the symbols of the Japanese places. On the contrary the poor housing of the Korean natives and new immigrants. naturally formed, irregular features of spaces represents the places of Koreans. As time goes by, population growth and expansion of the city result in the growth of Korean commercial spaces and spatial development of streets. Even under the distinction and duality, adaptive proceed of urban life occurred. Spaces of popular culture and activities symbolize the adaptive advances. After the liberation in 1945, urban spaces of Mokpo enter the other situation. The former heart places of Japanese were degraded. In return another former heart places grown in the Korean places became more vitalized. Living areas and heart areas of Mokpo were expanded more and more toward north. Ogeori , crossroad of several streets and avenues became another heart of Mokpo. it was located at the meeting point of Korean and Japanese areas. Especially, this spot has taken the function of cultural pool where literatures, artists, wandering musicians reside from the 1960s. This spot has been the ecological niche of urban people. But since the newtown Hadang was opened, Ogeori also went the underway of regression. Now it is recognized as 'old-heart' of the city. In conclusion, there are some characteristic cultural processes. Since the open port period, two patterns of modern spatial structure emerged. One is planned, regular and repetitive pattern. The other is, mixed with pre-modernization elements, irregular pattern. Under the condition of limited space, cumulative or adding, introvertive dividing might have occurred. In the 1930s, expansive space patterns and vitalization in some spots expresses the development of the days. Development of commercial districts Muantong, usual crowd in the street, development of popular culture spaces tell the vitalization. After the liberation, crowd in Ogeori. people's casual drop-by in the coffee shops , active cultural activities tell the vitalization too. More over it was the ecological niche of urban life. But since the 1990s the newtown Hadang has shown amenity, convenience and regularity of spaces. These features or patterns have been contrsted with old, complicated patterns of old city. In these changes the cultural elements of harbor and ocean have become more and more marginalized. Uniformity of space realized in Hadang has become more and more central theme.