중견국의 개발협력 전략 비교: 한국과 튀르키예 비교 분석

Abstract

This study offers a comparative analysis of Turkey and South Korea, two emerging donors and middle powers in the realm of development cooperation, with particular attention to their strategic roles within global development governance. By examining Türkiye’s Turkish-type Development Assistance Model (TDAM) and South Korea’s institutionalized ODA system aligned with DAC norms, the research explores key dimensions such as institutional structure, aid delivery mechanisms, discourse strategies, recipient country selection, and linkages with foreign policy. Türkiye’s TDAM emphasizes non-hierarchical, peer-based partnerships, rooted in cultural and religious proximity and reinforced by anti-colonial and humanitarian rhetoric. In contrast, South Korea employs a rule-based, institutionalized aid model that prioritizes transparency, multilateralism, and global norm alignment through its focus on the SDGs, digital development, and climate action. While both countries leverage development cooperation as a tool of diplomatic engagement, Türkiye tends to highlight normative exceptionality through discourse, whereas South Korea underscores its commitment to established global governance frameworks. This comparison reveals how development cooperation has evolved into a critical platform for middle power diplomacy, not only as a means of soft power projection but also as a mechanism of identity construction and regional influence. The findings contribute to a broader understanding of how emerging donors are shaping alternative pathways in development governance and suggest the potential for new modes of collaboration among non-DAC states in the evolving aid architecture.