조선후기 함경도 內地鎭堡의 변화

Abstract

Joseon expanded its northern territory to Hamgyeong Province in the early 15th century but the military boundary was not fully reached to the riversides of Yalu and Tuman rivers because of underpopulation. The government allowed native Jurchens to live in the frontier and arranged the fortifications on the outskirts of Jurchen residential areas for defending their invasion. So the defense line had been built in inland practically. After the foundation of Ching China, Jurchen tribes who had lived in Joseon territory moved out so that the frontier became empty. The tenantless inland began to be developed from the late 17th century, therefore the existing fortifications became useless. As a result, some fortresses were moved to the riverside area and some were broken up or united to reduce the military spending. Most of inland fortresses except those on the riverside and military points were changed into administrative apparatus and the mission of the fortress on the riverside was changed to control the border transgression in the late 18th century.