고려 界首官의 제도적 연원과 성립과정 ― 9州？12牧과의 연결성을 중심으로 ―

Abstract

The function of the 9 Ju units mainly exhibited two major aspects. One was represented by the Ju units' superiority to the Gun and Yeong-hyeon local units. Another was represented by the Ju units' status as representatives of extremely wide regions. These functions were similar to those of the Gyaesu-gwan headquarters. And this means that the Gyaesu-gwan headquarters of the Goryeo dynasty actually originated from the 9 Ju units of the Shilla dynasty. The notion of the 9 Ju units prevailed during the early days of the Goryeo dynasty period, and this is confirmed by the epitaph materials created during that period. The Goyreo dynasty government decided to rule and manage the local areas with the Gun/Hyeon-jae policy inherited from the Shilla dynasty even after Goryeo unified the Korean peninsula. Then in the second year of King Seongjong's reign, 12 Mok units were established. This implementation of a new local system was demonstrating that the people was actually thinking that the world of the Goryeo dynasty had been enlarged, and the implementation also meant that the ruling system of the world based upon the King's ruling authority was being finally established. The 12 Mok units were literally the descendants of the old 9 Ju units, and their implementation was signalling that the capital was going through some changes at the time, and the territory of the dynasty was expanding as well. The 12 Mok units were only able to function in a partial manner as the government was not yet able to fully control the local areas. The Mok units mainly functioned only in terms of inspections and personnel recommendations, as dictated in the 'Six Directives for the Jasa officials(刺史六條)' which served as the principles for the personnel involved in 12 Mok units' administration. Jasa officials' Six Directives were later transformed into the 'Six Directives that should be Upheld by officials(奉行六條)'.