府를 통해 본 9세기 신라의 지방제도 개편과 의미: 「月光寺圓朗禪師塔碑」의 사례를 중심으로

Abstract

In the 9th and 10th centuries, Pu(府) was established in Silla. This fact is noted as a result of the reform of the local system during the chaos of the late Silla Period. However, there is an example of Pu whose name is unknown. So there is a controversy about the location and character of pu. Therefore, I would like to analyze the rubbing of a stele and reveal the name of Pu. As a result, it will be possible to understand the relationship between Sogyŏng(小京) and Pu and the change in the status of Sogyŏng in the local system of Silla. Wŏlgwangsa wŏllang sŏnsa t’appi(月光寺圓朗禪師塔碑, The funerary stele of Sŏn Master wŏllang at Wŏlgwang Monastery) was erected in 890. □□江府 and T’onghwa-pu(通化府) recorded here is not found in historical records. Looking at the rubbing of □□江府, it is estimated that the second letter of the unboxes is close to Han(漢). In other words, the unknown name is presumed to be □江府. The center of □江府 is estimated to be Ch’ungju(忠州), Wŏnju(原州), or Chech’ŏn(堤川) near the middle and upper reaches of the Namhangang River(南漢江). Among these, I thought there was a high possibility of Ch’ungju. Wŏraksan Mountain, where Wŏlgwang Monastery was located, belonged to Sayŏli-hyŏn(沙熱伊縣) during the Silla period. This area is close to Ch’ungju and was later included in Ch’ungjumok(忠州牧) during the Koryŏ Dynasty. □江府 can be seen as another name for Chungwŏn-pu(中原府) which is the name when Chungwŏn’gyŏng(中原京), one of the five Sogyŏng of Silla, was reorganized into pu. Sogyŏng is estimated to be about the size of a Kun(郡) with two to three Hyŏn(縣). And Sogyŏng consisted of the central part of the castle and several surrounding villages. However, in 890, the area of Wŏraksan Mountain, which originally belonged to Naeje-kun(柰堤郡), belonged to □江府. This shows that when Chungwŏn’gyŏng was reorganized into Chungwŏn-pu, the area of jurisdiction of pu became wider than that of Sogyŏng. It is estimated that Chungwŏn’gyŏng was reorganized into Chungwŏn-pu between 822 and 836. Rebellion of Kim Hŏn-ch'ang(金憲昌) in 822 is drawing attention as the background. It is believed that local residents who were dissatisfied with Silla’s ruling system also participated in the rebellion. It is estimated that the residents of Sogyŏng, who had Kolp’um(骨品, Bone rank) and Kwandŭng(官等, Bureaucratic rank), also participated in the rebellion. Because they would also have been discriminated against by the ruling class of the capital. By reorganizing Sogyŏng into Pu, Silla government would have wanted to quell local complaints. Pu was an independent administrative unit, unlike Sogyŏng. The status of the region has been promoted. In addition, local residents would have been given local and military posts. This measure could have stabilized the local community a little. On the other hand, Silla society would have taken the path of local independence.