영조대《親臨光化門內勤政殿庭試時圖屛》연구

Abstract

“Chinlim Gwanghwamun-nae Geunjeongjeon jungsi sido byeong(Painting of the state examination held at Geunjeongjeon inside of Gwanghwamun with the presence of the current king on a folding screen, Korean: 친림광화문내근정전정시시도병, 親臨光化門內勤政殿庭試時圖屛)” depicts the state examination in 1747, during the reign of King Yeongjo(英祖, r.1724~1776), to celebrate both the sixtieth birthday and the offering of the formal title to Dowager Queen In’weon Kim[仁元王后 金氏, b.1687~d.1757] held at Geunjeongjeon Hall of Gyeongbokgung Palace. This is an eight-panel folding screen, consisting of a painting on the first panel, King Yeongjo’s poem for this state examination on the second panel, and poems by government officials in response to King Yeongjo’s poem on the third to the eighth panel. In this paper, a study was conducted on the background elements of the production of “Chinlim Gwanghwamun-nae Geunjeongjeon jungsi sido byeong”, including the symbolic meaning of this state examination, government official participant rosters of this examination event, producers of the folding screen, and painterly features of this folding screen. The purpose of this study is to understand the diverse aspects of the “Chinlim Gwanghwamun-nae Geunjeongjeon jungsi sido byeong”. The state examination in 1747 to celebrate Dowager Queen In’weon Kim was held by King Yeongjo, reflecting his active political will and the intention for political intervention. King Yeongjo benefited in various ways, especially by choosing the place of examination at Geunjeongjeon Hall of Gyeongbokgung Palace. King Yeongjo demonstrated that he was the king who inherited the legitimacy and the world of peace under the heaven of the ancestors by hosting the examination at the Gyeongbokgung Palace, where, at that time, only traces of the old palace remained. Also, King Yeongjo could establish himself as a benevolent ruler externally by this examination event by meeting with the people and listening to their complaints during his procession to the Gyeongbokgung Palace. Moreover, it is discovered from the government official participant rosters, and poems by government officials in response to King Yeongjo's poem that officials classified as Tangpyeong-pa(Impartiality party, Korean: 탕평파, 蕩平派) or pro-king officials supporting the reformation of the state examination system were both attended in large numbers. Meanwhile, the aspects of “Chinlim Gwanghwamun-nae Geunjeongjeon jungsi sido byeong” on the detailed description of the location of the examination event and the emphasis on the presence of the current king are unlike the other traditional paintings of royal court events during the reign of King Yeongjo. These aspects are closer to the artistic expressions found in royal paintings on royal historical sites from a similar period than traditional paintings of royal court events. In conclusion, “Chinlim Gwanghwamun-nae Geunjeongjeon jungsi sido byeong” during the reign of King Yeongjo commemorates the celebration of policies and events led by King Yeongjo in a historically important location of the Joseon dynasty, as reflecting the political situation of the time of the event, and it is significant in the sense that the artistic expressions found in this folding screen adapted the style of other traditional paintings of royal court events to illustrate this state examination event, the historic location, and the presence of the current king.