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정치의 미디어화: 이론적 검토 및 전망

Mediatization of politics: A theoretical review and prospect

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주제분류신문방송학

초록

2000년대 중반 이후 커뮤니케이션과 미디어 연구에서 미디어화(mediatization)라는용어가 전지구적 반향을 불러일으키고 있다. 미디어화는 사회의 거의 모든 제도와실천의 영역에 걸쳐 미디어가 영향력을 확대하면서 장기적인 사회변동을 추동하고있다는 것을 의미하는 학술용어이다. 미디어화 연구자들은 미디어 기술이 일상으로 침투하면서 인간이 수행하는 모든 실천은 미디어화하고 있다고 보고 있으며, 이처럼 미디어화한 실천은 모든 사회제도들의 조건이라고 파악한다. 미디어화 연구는 일상생활에서 나날이 증대하고 있는 미디어의 영향력으로 관심 영역을 넓혀가고 있지만, 이론적, 분석적 틀의 부재로 인해 상당한 혼란을 초래하고 있는 것이 사실이다. 하지만 하나의 이론적 안내자로서 미디어화는 문화와 사회에 미치는 미디어 영향의 문제를 이론적으로 포착하고 경험적으로 조사하기 위한 출발점을 제공해준다. 이 글은 미디어화 이론의 현 단계를 진단하고 그 가능성을 전망하기 위한목적으로 쓰였다. 이를 위해 먼저 미디어화의 개념과 이론이 전개되어 온 배경과현황을 개관한 다음 정치의 미디어화에 관한 연구들을 이론적으로 검토하고 그 가능성과 한계에 대해 논의했다.

Abstract

Since the mid-2000’s the term mediatization has received a huge academic attention on a global scale in media and communication studies. Mediatization is an academic term to refer to the fact that the media have driven long-term social transformations as they have extended their influence over almost every sphere of human institutions and practices. Scholars of mediatization hold that all human practices have been mediatized as media technologies have penetrated into everyday life, regarding mediatized practices as preconditions for every social institution in contemporary society of media and information technology. While mediatization scholars have expanded their realms of research to nearly every sphere of our everyday lives, the lack of sound theoretical and analytical frames led to a considerable confusion in the field of mediatization research. The purpose of this paper is to diagnose the current state of the mediatization research and to offer a prospective discussion on the potential of mediatization for future media studies. Specifically, after offering a brief review on the conceptual and theoretical development of mediatization in the field of communication research, this paper critically examines a wide range of studies in mediatization of politics and discusses their implications for media and democracy in contemporary digital age of neo-liberal globalization.

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