텔레비전 뉴스에서 팩트체크 코너가 미디어 신뢰에 미치는 영향: 정보 유용성의 매개 효과
Impacts of fact-checking segment in television news on media trust: Mediating effects of usefulness of news information
0
조회
0
다운로드
11
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
소셜 미디어에서 뉴스를 접하게 되는 경우가 늘어나면서 전통 뉴스 미디어의 역할이 줄 어들고 있다. 전통 미디어에 대한 사람들의 긍정적인 인식을 끌어올리기 위해서는 신뢰 할 만한 미디어로 자리잡는 것이 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 텔레비전 뉴스의 팩트체크 코 너가 정보의 유용성과 미디어 신뢰에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 250명의 실험 참여자들 은 미세먼지와 관련된 일반 뉴스 또는 팩트체크가 포함된 뉴스 집단에 무작위로 배치되 었다. 팩트체크에서는 소셜 미디어에서 퍼진 미세먼지와 관련된 오정보를 바로잡아주었다. 그 결과, 팩트체크 뉴스를 시청한 참여자들은 일반 뉴스를 시청한 참여자들보다 정보 유용성과 아나운서 및 방송사에 대한 신뢰가 높았다. 아나운서 신뢰는 정보 유용성을 통한 간접 경로가 유의미한 반면, 방송사 신뢰는 팩트체크와의 직접, 간접 경로가 모두 유의미했다. 이 연구결과는 뉴스 소비자들의 팩트체크에 대한 인식을 파악할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 신뢰할 만한 텔레비전 뉴스만의 영역을 발전시키는데 도움이 될 것이다.
Abstract
As individuals have increasingly accessed news information via social media, the role of traditional (or mainstream) news media has weakened. The traditional news media collectively should be positioned as a credible source, to maintain positive perceptions of the media. This study examined the effects of fact-checking segment in television news on the usefulness of news information and media trust. The study included 250 participants randomly distributed to either a news group reporting about particulate matter (PM), a traditional news group or fact check news group. The fact check news segment corrected the misinformation about PM appearing on social media. As a result, the participants who viewed the fact check news perceived higher usefulness of the news and had more trust in the announcer and news provider than those who watched the traditional news. The fact-checking segment had a significant indirect relationship on trust in the announcer through the usefulness of the news, whereas the direct and indirect relationships were significant for trust in the news provider. The study results can be helpful in understanding news consumers’ perceptions on fact-checking, as well as for developing television news’ own means for enhancing credibility.
참고문헌 (65)
- 김서중, "디지털 시대도 역시 저널리즘 강화가 정답!", 황해문화, 95, pp.297~303 (2017)
- 김유향, "가짜 뉴스 관련 국내외 논의 동향과 법제도적 과제", 한국언론법학회 가짜 뉴스와 언론 환경 개선방안 세미나 (2017)
- "최승호 MBC사장 신년사 키워드… 신뢰·청산·꿈" (2018)[URL]
- "KBS의 주인은 국민" (2018)[URL]
- 염정윤, "가짜뉴스에 대한 인식과 팩트체크 효과 연구 : 기존 신념과의 일치 여부를 중심으로", 한국언론학보, 62(2), pp.41~80 (2018), 한국언론학회[DOI]
- 유재원, "트위터의 업데이트 신속성과 사회적 지지가 정보원 신뢰도와 위험인식에 미치는 영향: 정보원 신뢰도의 매개효과를 중심으로", 한국방송학보, 32(1), pp.33~65 (2018), 한국방송학회
- 유정원, "방송 뉴스의 포맷 변화 연구: KBS, TV조선, JTBC 메인뉴스를 중심으로", 한국방송학회 학술대회 논문집, pp.304~335 (2018)
- 이나연, "미디어 이용에 따른 오정보(誤情報·misinformation) 습득이 정치참여 의도에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구", 한국방송학보, 31(6), pp.118~151 (2017), 한국방송학회
- "KBS 사장 후보 정책 발표, ‘경영적자’ ‘사내갈등’ 질의 집중" (2018)[URL]
- 정성욱, "팩트체크 뉴스를 접한 수용자의 ‘역효과’나 ‘태도 변화’는 어떤 상황에서 나타나는가?: 정교화 가능성 모델을 바탕으로 한 메커니즘 연구", 한국방송학보, 32(4), pp.103~145 (2018), 한국방송학회[DOI]
- 정은령, "팩트체크 뉴스와 한국 방송 저널리즘의 신뢰 회복: 방송 기자들의 팩트체크 뉴스 양식과 뉴스가치에 대한 인식을 중심으로", 방송문화연구, 31(1), pp.47~101 (2019), 한국방송공사[DOI]
- 정용준, "JTBC와 미디어 공론장, 가능성과 한계 모색", 한국방송학보, 31(4), pp.205~234 (2017), 한국방송학회
- "JTBC, 방송뉴스 신뢰도 47.7%로 1위" (2017)[URL]
- 최지향, "가짜뉴스유통현황과 이용자 인식 조사 – 뉴스의 옷을 입은 루머: 가짜 뉴스의 유통 매커니즘과 사회문화적 이해", 한국언론정보학회 세미나 발표문 (2017)
- Ardèvol-Abreu, A., "Effects of editorial media bias perception and media trust on the use of traditional, citizen, and social media news", Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 94(3), pp.703~724 (2017)
- Baron, R. M., "The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research : Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), pp.1173~1182 (1986)
- Bode, L., "See something, say something : Correction of global health misinformation on social media", Health Communication, 33(9), pp.1131~1140 (2018)
- Brandtzaeg, P. B., "How journalists and social media users perceive online fact-checking and verification services", Journalism Practice, 12(9), pp.1109~1129 (2018)
- Brandtzaeg, P. B., "Emerging journalistic verification practices concerning social media", Journalism Practice, 10(3), pp.323~342 (2016)
- Chaiken, S., "Heuristic versus systematic information processing and the use of source versus message cues in persuasion", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39(5), pp.752~766 (1980)
- Cobb, M. D., "Beliefs don’t always persevere : How political figures are punished when positive information about them is discredited", Political Psychology, 34, pp.307~326 (2013)
- Coles, B. A., "Trolling the trolls : Online forum users constructions of the nature and properties of trolling", Computers in Human Behavior, 60, pp.233~244 (2016)
- DiFonzo, N., "Rumor psychology: Social and organizational approaches (Vol. 750)" (2007), American Psychological Association
- Graham, M. W., "The role of social media in local government crisis communications", Public Relations Review, 41(3), pp.386~394 (2015)
- "The fact-checking universe in Spring 2012" (2012)[URL]
- Graves, L., "Understanding innovations in journalistic practice : A field experiment examining motivations for fact-checking", Journal of Communication, 66(1), pp.102~138 (2016)
- Hayes, A. F., "Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis" (2013), The Guilford Press
- Holton, A. E., "News and the overloaded consumer: Factors influencing information overload among news consumers. Cyberpsychology", Behavior, and Social Networking, 15(11), pp.619~624 (2012)
- Jackob, N. G. E., "No alternatives? The relationship between perceived media dependency, use of alternative information sources, and general trust in mass media", International Journal of Communication, 4, pp.589~606 (2010)
- Ji, Q., "Morally judging entertainment : A case study of live tweeting during Downton Abbey", Media Psychology, 18(2), pp.221~242 (2015)
- Jong, W., "Self-correcting mechanisms and echo-effects in social media : An analysis of the"gunman in the newsroom"crisis", Computers in Human Behavior, 59, pp.334~341 (2016)
- Karlsson, M., "Do not stand corrected : Transparency and users’ attitudes to inaccurate news and corrections in online journalism", Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 94(1), pp.148~167 (2017)
- Kim, K., "User-generated product reviews on the Internet : The drivers and outcomes of the perceived usefulness of product reviews", International Journal of Advertising, 36(2), pp.227~245 (2017)
- Koohikamali, M., "Information Re-Sharing on Social Network Sites in the Age of Fake News", Informing Science, 20, pp.215~235 (2017)
- Kubiszewski, I., "Perceived credibility of Internet encyclopedias", Computers & Education, 56(3), pp.659~667 (2011)
- Ladd, Jonathan, M., "Why Americans Hate the Media and How It Matters" (2011), Princeton University Press
- Lee, S. K., "The effects of news consumption via social media and news information overload on perceptions of journalistic norms and practices", Computers in Human Behavior, 75, pp.254~263 (2017)
- 이선경, "Antecedents of News Consumers’ Perceived Information Overload and News Consumption Pattern in the USA", International Journal of Contents, 12(3), pp.1~11 (2016), 한국콘텐츠학회[DOI]
- Mendoza, M., "Twitter under crisis: Can we trust what we RT?", Proceedings of the first workshop on social media analytics, pp.71~79 (2010), ACM
- Nyhan, B., "When corrections fail : The persistence of political misperceptions", Political Behavior, 32(2), pp.303~330 (2010)
- Pentina, I., "From"information"to knowing : Exploring the role of social media in contemporary news consumption", Computers in Human Behavior, 35, pp.211~223 (2014)
- Petty, R. E., "Media effects", pp.141~180 (2009), Routledge
- Petty, R. E., "Communication and persuasion", pp.1~24 (1986), Springer
- Preacher, K. J., "Addressing moderated mediation hypotheses : Theory, methods, and prescriptions", Multivariate Behavioral Research, 42(1), pp.185~227 (2007)
- Quandt, T., "What’s left of trust in a network society? An evolutionary model and critical discussion of trust and societal communication", European Journal of Communication, 27(1), pp.7~21 (2012)
- "Malicious bots and trolls spread vaccine misinformation – now social media companies are fighting back" (2019)[URL]
- Sharma, M., "Zika virus pandemic—analysis of Facebook as a social media health information platform", American Journal of Infection Control, 45(3), pp.301~302 (2017)
- Shin, J., "Partisan selective sharing : The biased diffusion of fact-checking messages on social media", Journal of Communication, 67(2), pp.233~255 (2017)
- Shin, J., "The diffusion of misinformation on social media : Temporal pattern, message, and source", Computers in Human Behavior, 83, pp.278~287 (2018)
- "Lies, damn lies and viral content: How news websites spread (and debunk) online rumors, unverified claims and misinformation" (2015)[URL]
- Sommariva, S., "Spreading the(fake)news : Exploring health messages on social media and the implications for health professionals using a case study", American Journal of Health Education, 49(4), pp.246~255 (2018)
- Song, H., "Perceived news overload and its cognitive and attitudinal consequences for news usage in South Korea", Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 94(4), pp.1172~1190 (2017)
- Sundar, S. S., "Digital Media, Youth, and Credibility", pp.72~100 (2008), The MIT Press
- Sundar, S. S., "The handbook of the psychology of communication technology" (2015), Wiley
- Taber, C. S., "Motivated skepticism in the evaluation of political beliefs", American Journal of Political Science, 50(3), pp.755~769 (2006)
- Takahashi, B., "Media sources, credibility, and perceptions of science : Learning about how people learn about science", Public Understanding of Science, 25(6), pp.674~690 (2016)
- Tsakonas, G., "Exploring usefulness and usability in the evaluation of open access digital libraries", Information processing & Management, 44(3), pp.1234~1250 (2008)
- Tsfati, Y., "Do people watch what they do not trust? Exploring the association between news media skepticism and exposure", Communication Research, 30(5), pp.504~529 (2003)
- Turcotte, J., "News recommendations from social media opinion leaders : Effects on media trust and information seeking", Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 20(5), pp.520~535 (2015)
- Vargo, C. J., "The agenda-setting power of fake news : A big data analysis of the online media landscape from 2014 to 2016", New media & Society, 20(5), pp.2028~2049 (2018)
- Vraga, E. K., "I do not believe you: how providing a source corrects health misperceptions across social media platforms", Information, Communication & Society, 21(10), pp.1337~1353 (2018)
- Williams, A. E., "Trust or bust? : Questioning the relationship between media trust and news attention", Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 56(1), pp.116~131 (2012)
- Williamson, K., "Young adults and everyday-life information : The role of news media", Library & Information Science Research, 34(4), pp.258~264 (2012)
- Yang, Z., "Development and validation of an instrument to measure user perceived service quality of information presenting web portals", Information & Management, 42(4), pp.575~589 (2005)
- Yang, Z. J., "Applying the risk information seeking and processing model to examine support for climate change mitigation policy", Science Communication, 36(3), pp.296~324 (2014)
