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공영미디어 AI 윤리원칙의 동형화 분석

Isomorphism of AI ethical principles in public service media

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언론정보연구소 (Institute of Communication Research)|2024.11|언론정보연구 (Journal of Communication Research)|제61권 제4호|pp. 5-52|DOI 10.22174/jcr.2024.61.4.5

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AI인공지능의미분석semantic analysisPSM공영미디어AI 윤리원칙구문유사성AI ethics principlesyntactic similarity
주제분류신문방송학

초록

인공지능(AI) 기술의 도입이 산업 전반에 가속화됨에 따라, 책임 있고 윤리적인 AI 기술 구현을 촉진하기 위한 다양한 원칙과 가이드라인들이 제시되고 있다. 이 연구는 새로운 기술의 윤리적 사용에 더욱 엄격한 기준을 적용해야 하는 공영미디어들이 수립한 AI 윤리지침을 대상으로, AI 윤리원칙의 의미 형성 과정을 탐구하였다. 10개국 12개 공영미디어 조직이 발표한 AI 윤리 지침을 대상으로 형식적 특성을 분석하고, 각 지침 간 구문 유사도와 함께 개별 조직의 AI 윤리원칙에 대한 의미분석을 수행하였다. 분석 결과, 공영미디어들의 AI 윤리지침은 주로 2023년, 즉 생성형 AI인 OpenAI의 챗GPT 출시 이후에 집중적으로 발간되었으며, 지침의 적용 대상은 전체 조직을 대상으로 하는 경우와 뉴스룸이나 저널리스트로 한정하는 경우로 양분되었다. 코사인 유사도를 활용한 구문 유사성 분석 결과, 12개 공영미디어의 AI 윤리지침은 상호 유사도가 높지 않았으며, 다양한 차이를 보였다. 정성적 내용분석을 통해 13개의 AI 윤리원칙이 도출되었으며, 12개 공영미디어 모두 투명성, 인간의 개입, 그리고 저널리즘을 주요 윤리원칙으로 채택하였다. 그러나 책임성, 개인정보보호 등 기타 원칙들은 공영미디어들에 의해 선택적으로 수용되었다. 13개 윤리원칙에 대한 의미분석 결과, 각 원칙은 공영미디어별로 해석 방식, 관심 영역 및 권고사항 모두에서 차이가 나타났다.

Abstract

As artificial intelligence (AI) technology spreads across various industries, principles and guidelines are being proposed to encourage responsible and ethical implementation of AI. This study examined how the meanings of the ethical principles in the AI ​​ethics guidelines established by public service media (PSM), which must more strictly adhere to the ethical use of new technologies, were formed. We analyzed the formal characteristics of 12 PSM organizations in 10 countries that published AI ethics guidelines, and conducted a semantic analysis of each organization's AI ethics principles along with the syntactic similarity between each guideline. The AI ​​ethics guidelines of PSMs were mainly published in 2023 after the launch of OpenAI's ChatGPT, a generative AI, and the scope of the guidelines was divided into cases that affected the entire organization and cases that applied to newsrooms or journalists. As a result of the syntactic similarity analysis using cosine similarity, the AI ​​ethics guidelines of the 12 public media were not highly similar to each other and showed differences. Through qualitative content analysis, 13 AI ethics principles were derived, and all 12 PSMs adopted transparency, humanity, and journalism as their main ethics principles. However, other principles such as responsibility and privacy protection were selectively accepted by public media. In the semantic analysis of the 13 ethics principles, each principle showed differences in the way it was interpreted, the areas of interest, and the recommendations according to the PSMs.

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