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비대면 소통, 미디어 이용, 결속적 사회자본: 코로나19 발생 전과 후의 패널 데이터 분석

Mediated communication, media use and bonding social capital: Analysis of panel data before and after the outbreak of COVID-19

김용찬|박문령
언론정보연구소 (Institute of Communication Research)|2022.02|언론정보연구 (Journal of Communication Research)|제59권 제1호|pp. 5-49|DOI 10.22174/jcr.2022.59.1.5

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코로나19COVID-19미디어 이용bonding social capitalmedia use비대면 소통결속적 사회자본mediated communication
주제분류신문방송학

초록

이 연구의 목적은 사회적 거리두기 시행 등으로 오프라인 대면 소통이 제한된 코로나 19 팬데믹 상황이 빚은 재택 시간 증감, 미디어 이용 증감, 오프라인 소통의 증감, 온라인 소통의 증감이 결속적 사회자본에 어떤 영향을 주는지 살펴보는 것이었다. 본 연구를 위해 정보통신정책연구원에서 코로나 팬데믹 전후인 2019 년과 2020년에 수집한 지능정보사회 패널데이터를 사용하였다. 분석 결과, 재택 시간이 늘어난 사람들, 오프라인 소통 시간이 늘어나거나 줄어든 사람들이 모두 ‘현상유지’ 집단보다 높은 결속적 사회자본 정도를 보였다. 가족이나 친구들과의 온라인 비대면 소통이 줄어든 사람들은 ‘현상유지’ 집단보다 낮은 결속적 사회자본 정도를 보였다. TV 시청, 무료동영상 시청, 유료동영상 시청, 인터넷 검색, 온라인 쇼핑, 온라인 배달의 경우 코로나 중에 이용 시간이 증가한 집단 모두 현상유지 집단보다 통계적으로 유의미하게 2019년에 비해 2020년에 결속적 사화자본이 높았고 ‘조금 감소’한 집단은 ‘현상유지’한 집단보다 통계적으로 유의미하게 결속적 사회자본이 낮았다.

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of the increase and decrease of stay-home time, media use, offline communication, and online communication on bonding social capital when face-to-face communication is limited in COVID-19. Drawing on the Intelligent Information Society Panel Data from Korea Information Society Development Institute for three years (2018 to 2020) before and after COVID-19, We find time changes in stay-home, meeting people in-person, online communication, and using media display different relationships with bonding social capital. A slight increase or significant increase in stay-home time, slight decrease or significant decrease, a slight increase, or significant increase in meeting people in-person, relates to higher bonding social capital, and a slight decrease in online communication relates to lower bonding social capital compared to the status quo group. In terms of individual media use, in most cases, significant differences were found between the group with a slight decrease in media use, the group with the status quo, and the group with a slight increase. In the case of TV watching, free video viewing, paid video viewing, Internet search, online shopping, and online delivery, the group with a slightly reduced usage time during COVID-19 had lower bonding social capital compared to the status quo group, and the group with slightly or significantly increased usage time had higher bonding social capital compared to status quo group.

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