유아기 연령과 성별에 따른 자기 보호적, 친사회적 거짓말과 마음이론 이해와의 관계
The relationship between young children's self-protective, prosocial lies and the theory of mind according to their ages and sex
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본 연구는 유아기 연령과 성별에 따른 자기 보호적, 친사회적 거짓말 거짓말의 발달적 차이와 마음이론과의 관련성을 살펴보기 위해 설계 되었다. 이를 위해 실험 상황을 통해 드러난 거짓말 여부를 관찰하였으며 틀린 믿음 과제를 사용하여 마음이론 이해 능력을 측정하였다. 그 결과, 연령의 증가에 따라 자기 보호적, 친사회적 거짓말 발생 빈도가 증가하였으나 성별에 따른 차이는 유의미하지 않았다. 또한 연령의 증가에 따라 마음이론 이해 능력이 높아졌으며 그 관련성을 살펴본 바는 다음과 같다. 연령, 성별의 차이 및 마음이론 이해 능력이 각각 거짓말 발생을 예측하는 정도를 알아본 결과, 자기 보호적 거짓말 발생은 연령에 의해 유의미하게 예측되었으며 친사회적 거짓말 발생은 마음 이론 이해 능력에 의해 유의미하게 예측되었다. 더불어 연령집단에 따라 마음 이론과 친사회적 거짓말의 관련성을 살펴본 결과, 3세 집단의 경우 마음 이론 능력이 유의미한 예측을 하지 못했지만 4, 5, 6세 집단에서는 유의미하게 예측하였다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the correlation between the emergence of self-protective and prosocial lies in relation to the Theory of mind. To this end, the self-protective and prosocial lies made by children of ages 3 to 6 were observed in an experimental setting. The major findings were as follows: First, the frequency of children's self-protective and prosocial lies increase with their age, but the difference by gender was not significant. Second, the young children's ability to understand another person's thoughts also increases with age. Finally, in the relationship between the theory of mind and lie-telling, the occurrence of self-protected lies correlated strongly with age, whereas prosocial lies correlated strongly with the ability to understand the theory of mind. In addition, as a result of examining the relationship between the theory of mind and prosocial lies in accordance to age groups, it was found that there was an increased likelihood of the occurrence of prosocial lies among the children between the ages of 4 through 6 rather than children at the age of 3.
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