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학령전기 아동의 연령, 성별, 의도적 통제에 따른 친사회적 거짓말의 차이

Differences in Preschool Children's Prosocial Lies by Age, Sex and Effortful Control

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주제분류심리과학

초록

3세~6세 아동, 부모와 교사를 대상으로 연령, 성별과 의도적 통제에 따른 친사회적 거짓말의 차이를 살펴보았다. 친사회적 거짓말은 그림을 사용한 이야기로 측정하였고, 의도적 통제는 Kochanska의 베터리와 유아기질척도(Children Behavior Questionnaire)를 사용한 부모용과 교사용 척도로 측정하였다. 연구결과, 친사회적 거짓말은 연령에 따라 5세와 6세에 특히 많이 증가하였다. 성별에 따라서도 차이가 나서 여아가 남아보다 친사회적 거짓말을 더 많이 하였으나 이런 경향은 부모보다 할머니와 같은 손위 사람이나 친구에게 더 두드러졌다. 아동용 베터리와 교사용 척도로 측정한 의도적 통제는 친사회적 거짓말과 정적 상관을 보였으나 위계적 회귀분석으로 연령을 통제하였을 때 아동용 베터리, 부모용과 교사용 척도로 측정한 의도적 통제는 친사회적 거짓말을 예측하지 못했다. 그러나 의도적 통제를 구성하는 기질의 하위요인들이 친사회적 거짓말을 예측하는지를 살펴보았을 때, 부모용 척도의 강도 낮은 자극 선호와 지각 민감성이 친사회적 거짓말을 예측하여서 아동이 낮은 강도의 자극을 좋아하고, 변화에 민감하지 않을수록 친사회적 거짓말을 더 많이 하였다.

Abstract

This study examined differences in prosocial lies by age, sex, and effortful control in eighty-six 3- to 6-year-old preschool children, their parents, and their teachers. Prosocial lies were evaluated using six stories. Children's effortful control was evaluated using three different measures: Kochanska's Battery for Assessing Effortful Control as well as both parents' and teachers' ratings on the Children Behavior Questionnaire. Age and sex differences were observed. Prosocial lies increased with age, particularly at age five and six. Girls tended to tell more prosocial lies than boys for events related to the elderly and friends. Children's effortful control, as measured by Kochanska's battery and teachers' ratings, was positively associated with prosocial lies. However, after controlling for age in hierarchical regression analyses, three measures of effortful control did not predict children's prosocial lies. However, when the effects of the subscales of the three measures were examined, mothers' rating of low intensity pleasure and perceptual sensitivity significantly predicted children's prosocial lies even after controlling for age.

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